Alfie (1966 film)

Alfie
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Lewis Gilbert
Screenplay by	Bill Naughton
Based on	Alfie by Bill Naughton
Produced by	Lewis Gilbert
Starring	Michael Caine Millicent Martin Julia Foster Jane Asher Shirley Anne Field Vivien Merchant Eleanor Bron Shelley Winters
Cinematography	Otto Heller
Edited by	Thelma Connell
Music by	Sonny Rollins
Production company	Sheldrake Films
Distributed by	Paramount Pictures
Release date	24 March 1966 (1966-03-24) (United Kingdom)
Running time	114 minutes
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Budget	$800,000
Box office	$18.9 million

Alfie is a 1966 British comedy-drama film directed by Lewis Gilbert and starring Michael Caine. An adaptation by Bill Naughton of his own 1966 novel and 1963 play of the same name, the film was released by Paramount Pictures.

Alfie tells the story of a young womanising man who leads a self-centred life, purely for his own enjoyment, until events force him to question his uncaring behaviour, his loneliness and his priorities. He cheats on numerous women, and despite his confidence towards women, he treats them with disrespect and refers to them as "it", using them for sex and for domestic purposes. Alfie frequently breaks the fourth wall by speaking directly to the camera narrating and justifying his actions. His words often contrast with or totally contradict his actions.

The film had its World Premiere at the Plaza Theatre in the West End of London on 24 March 1966. A box office success, it received critical acclaim and is an influential part of British cinema.

Plot

Alfie Elkins, a handsome Cockney, self-centered, narcissistic chauffeur in London, enjoys the sexual favours of married and single women while avoiding commitment. He is ending an affair with Siddie, a married woman, just as he gets his submissive single girlfriend, Gilda, pregnant. Alfie thinks nothing of pilfering fuel and money from his employer and tells Gilda to do the same. Although he refuses to marry her, and despite his constant cheating, Gilda decides to have the child, Malcolm Alfred, and keep him rather than give him up.

Over time, Alfie becomes quite attached to his delightful son, but his unwillingness to marry Gilda causes her to break up with him and marry Humphrey, a kindly bus conductor and neighbour. He loves her and is willing to accept Malcolm Alfred as his own. Gilda bars Alfie from any further contact with Malcolm, forcing him to watch from a distance as Humphrey steps into his fatherly role. When a health check reveals Alfie has tubercular shadows on his lungs, the diagnosis and his fear of death, combined with his separation from his son, lead him to have a brief mental breakdown.

Alfie spends time recuperating in a pastoral sanitorium, where he befriends Harry, a fellow patient, a family man devoted to his frumpy wife Lily. Alfie makes out with one of the nurses, disgusting Harry. Alfie thinks nothing of cheating, lying, stealing, or taking other men's wives. When Alfie flippantly suggests that Lily might be cheating on him, Harry angrily confronts Alfie about his attitudes and behaviour.

Released from the convalescent home, Alfie briefly stops working as a chauffeur to take holiday photos of tourists near the Tower of London. Here he meets Ruby, an older, voluptuous, affluent and promiscuous American, who, although she is accompanied by an older gentleman, gives him her address and telephone number.

Alfie returns to chauffeuring and drives a Rolls-Royce to the sanitorium to visit Harry. He finds Lily finishing a visit with her husband, who asks him to give his wife a ride back to London to save her an exhausting train ride. Neither initially want to spend time together, but they agree in order to please Harry. Along the way, they stop for tea and then a canoe ride where he seduces her.

Later, chauffeuring in the Rolls again, Alfie sees a young red-headed hitchhiker, Annie, who wants a fresh start in London. A lorry driver picks her up just before Alfie gets to her. He follows them to a cafe and steals her away to London. She moves into his bedsit where she proves preoccupied with a love left behind, scrubbing Alfie's floor, doing his laundry, and preparing his meals to compensate. The lorry driver finds him in a pub, punches him in the face and a barroom brawl ensues.

Coming home with a big black eye, Alfie grows resentful of Annie and drives her out with an angry outburst, immediately regretting it. Around the same time, Lily informs him that she is pregnant from their one encounter, and they plan for her to have an abortion. Lily comes to his flat to meet the abortionist. During the procedure, Alfie leaves Lily and walks around. He catches sight of his son Malcolm outside a church and witnesses the baptism of Gilda and Humphrey's new daughter. He watches as they exit the church as a family. The abortion traumatizes both Lily and Alfie; he breaks down in tears when seeing the aborted fetus, the first time he confronts the consequences of his actions.

The stress of the situations with Annie and Lily makes Alfie decide to change his non-committal ways and settle down with the rich Ruby. However, visiting her, he finds a younger man in her bed. He comes across Siddie (the married woman from the beginning of the movie), but she has lost interest in him and returned to her husband. Alfie is left lonely, wondering about his life choices; he asks the viewers, "What's it all about? You know what I mean."

Cast

• Michael Caine as Alfie Elkins
• Shelley Winters as Ruby
• Millicent Martin as Siddie
• Vivien Merchant as Lily Clamacraft
• Jane Asher as Annie
• Julia Foster as Gilda
• Shirley Anne Field as Carla
• Eleanor Bron as the Doctor
• Denholm Elliott as the Abortionist
• Alfie Bass as Harry Clamacraft
• Graham Stark as Humphrey
• Murray Melvin as Nat
• Sydney Tafler as Frank
• Queenie Watts (uncredited) as the Blonde Pub Singer
• Pauline Boty (uncredited) as Laundress

Production

The film is unusual in that it has no opening credits and the end credits feature photos of the principal actors, as well as of the main technical crew, including director Gilbert and cameraman Otto Heller.

Casting

Several leading actors, including Richard Harris, Laurence Harvey, James Booth and Anthony Newley, turned down the title role due to the then-taboo subject matter. Despite having played "Alfie" on Broadway, Terence Stamp categorically declined to reprise the role on film, so he and casting agents approached his good friend and then roommate Michael Caine: not one to then snub a role about a common man, Caine agreed to do it. He received a positive reception for the role.

Filming

It was shot at Twickenham Studios with scenes shot at several locations in London; including Waterloo Bridge which is seen at the beginning and end of the film where the title character walks into the distance accompanied by a stray dog and Tower Bridge which is the backdrop for the photography scene with Shelley Winters.

Music

The original film soundtrack featured jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins with London musicians including Stan Tracey on piano, who improvised "Little Malcolm Loves His Dad" (although never credited), Rick Laird on bass, Phil Seamen on drums, Ronnie Scott on tenor sax.

The Sonny Rollins album Alfie, orchestrated and conducted by Oliver Nelson, was recorded in the United States in January 1966. It features Rollins with J.J. Johnson – trombone (tracks 1 & 2), Jimmy Cleveland – trombone (tracks 3–6), Phil Woods – alto saxophone, Bob Ashton – tenor saxophone, Danny Bank – baritone saxophone, Roger Kellaway – piano, Kenny Burrell – guitar, Walter Booker – bass and Frankie Dunlop – drums

The title song, "Alfie", written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, was sung by Cher over the film's closing credits in the US release reaching #32 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It became a hit for British singer Cilla Black (Millicent Martin sang Alfie on its British release) and for Madeline Eastman and Dionne Warwick.

Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 97%, based on reviews from 29 critics, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's consensus states: "Anchored by Michael Caine's charmingly droll performance, Alfie is an equally raucous and heart-rending portrait of romance in the Swinging '60s."

Bosley Crowther, film reviewer for The New York Times, singled out Vivien Merchant's acting for particular praise:

There must be an abortion—a miserable and tragic thing, which Lewis Gilbert, who produced and directed, makes us sense in all its shabbiness and shame. But it is the performance of Miss Merchant as the woman brought to this shame, stunned and saddened by the necessity, deadened by her grief, that shocks us into feeling contempt for Alfie—and all the free-wheeling Alfie's in this world.

Accolades

Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result	Ref.
Academy Awards	Best Picture	Lewis Gilbert	Nominated
	Best Actor	Michael Caine	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress	Vivien Merchant	Nominated
	Best Screenplay – Based on Material from Another Medium	Bill Naughton	Nominated
	Best Song	"Alfie" Music by Burt Bacharach; Lyrics by Hal David	Nominated
British Academy Film Awards	Best British Film	Lewis Gilbert	Nominated
	Best British Actor	Michael Caine	Nominated
	Best British Screenplay	Bill Naughton	Nominated
	Best British Cinematography – Colour	Otto Heller	Nominated
	Best British Film Editing	Thelma Connell	Nominated
	Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles	Vivien Merchant	Won
Cannes Film Festival	Palme d'Or	Lewis Gilbert	Nominated
	Special Jury Prize		Won
Directors Guild of America Awards	Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures		Nominated
Golden Globe Awards	Best English-Language Foreign Film		Won
	Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama	Michael Caine	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture	Vivien Merchant	Nominated
		Shelley Winters	Nominated
	Best Director – Motion Picture	Lewis Gilbert	Nominated
	Best Screenplay – Motion Picture	Bill Naughton	Nominated
	Best Original Song – Motion Picture	"Alfie" Music by Burt Bacharach; Lyrics by Hal David	Nominated
Grammy Awards	Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Show	Sonny Rollins	Nominated
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards	Best Actor	Michael Caine	Won
Laurel Awards	Top Drama		4th Place
	Top Female Supporting Performance	Shelley Winters	Nominated
	Top Song	"Alfie" Music by Burt Bacharach; Lyrics by Hal David	4th Place
National Board of Review Awards	Top Ten Films		3rd Place
	Best Supporting Actress	Vivien Merchant	Won
National Society of Film Critics Awards	Best Actor	Michael Caine	Won
Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards	Best British Dramatic Screenplay	Bill Naughton	Won

Legacy

The 1966 film was followed by Alfie Darling (1975), with Alan Price replacing Caine. An updated 2004 remake starred Jude Law in the title role.

References in popular culture

• Much of the film's dialogue was sampled by the band Carter USM for their 1991 album 30 Something.
• The LP, Nino Tempo's Rock 'N Roll Beach Party (1956 Liberty Records ... LRP3023) can be seen hanging in Alfie's apartment in several key scenes.
• New York post-hardcore band Polar Bear Club references "Alfie Elkins '66" in their song "Drifting Thing" off their 2009 release Chasing Hamburg.
• The soundtrack to Austin Powers in Goldmember (in which Caine co-stars) contains a song entitled "Alfie (What's It All About Austin)" performed by Susanna Hoffs. This song is a cover of the original film's title song, with all occurrences of "Alfie" replaced with "Austin". A deleted scene has the cast performing the song.
• The film inspired The Divine Comedy's Becoming More Like Alfie, which samples its opening dialogue in its introduction.
• Guitarist Jeff Beck quoted the title song's melody in his instrumental showpiece "Jeff's Boogie", released a few months after the film's premiere.
• Singer/songwriter Tori Amos performed the theme as part of her repertoire as a teen, and references it in the song "Gold Dust" from her 2002 album Scarlet's Walk.
• British Pop Art artist Pauline Boty makes a brief appearance as the manageress of a Dry-Cleaner's whom Alfie visits for sex. Boty died just over three months after the film's UK premiere.
• In the second episode of the third season of Emily in Paris, Lily Collins sings the song Alfie.

See also

• BFI Top 100 British films

External links

• Alfie at IMDb
• Alfie at AllMovie
• Alfie at Rotten Tomatoes
• "Michael Caine's Russian Home" (in русский). caine-home.narod.ru. Retrieved 31 March 2008., Screenshots from the film