Red Dwarf - Revision history

Kurt: /* Blu-ray releases */

2024-08-09T12:59:37Z

Blu-ray releases

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	<br>{{note\|Beta\|b}} Only in the United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2018/10/26/were-covered \|title=We're Covered \|date=26 October 2018 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=26 October 2018 \|archive-date=26 October 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222601/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2018/10/26/were-covered/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>		<br>{{note\|Beta\|b}} Only in the United Kingdom<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2018/10/26/were-covered \|title=We're Covered \|date=26 October 2018 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=26 October 2018 \|archive-date=26 October 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222601/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2018/10/26/were-covered/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	In 2016, BBC Worldwide began creating an '[[Video scaler\|up-~~resed~~]]' version of the first five series for release on Blu-ray, due to demand from Japan.<ref>{{Cite tweet \|user=DougRDNaylor \|number=743725785752576000 \|first=Doug \|last=Naylor \|title=BBCWW are doing an up-resed version of first 5 series... \|date=17 June 2016 \|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref> When asked about the project in 2017, Naylor confirmed he had stopped it due to lacklustre picture quality.<ref>{{Cite tweet \|user=DougRDNaylor \|number=910252907890663426 \|first=Doug \|last=Naylor \|title=I killed it. Picture quality not good enough \|date=19 September 2017 \|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref> By 2018, the project, now encompassing the entire original run, had been restarted,<ref>{{Cite tweet \|user=RayKing57 \|number=1021764327408377858 \|first=Ray \|last=King \|title=DougRDNaylor & restoration artist Simon Edwards working on Red Dwarf \|date=24 July 2018 \|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref> and a series 1–8 Blu-ray set release was confirmed in August.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2018/08/03/blu-dwarf \|title=Blu Dwarf \|date=3 August 2018 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=26 October 2018 \|archive-date=26 October 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222739/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2018/08/03/blu-dwarf/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>		In 2016, BBC Worldwide began creating an '[[Video scaler\|up-rezed]]' version of the first five series for release on Blu-ray, due to demand from Japan.<ref>{{Cite tweet \|user=DougRDNaylor \|number=743725785752576000 \|first=Doug \|last=Naylor \|title=BBCWW are doing an up-resed version of first 5 series... \|date=17 June 2016 \|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref> When asked about the project in 2017, Naylor confirmed he had stopped it due to lacklustre picture quality.<ref>{{Cite tweet \|user=DougRDNaylor \|number=910252907890663426 \|first=Doug \|last=Naylor \|title=I killed it. Picture quality not good enough \|date=19 September 2017 \|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref> By 2018, the project, now encompassing the entire original run, had been restarted,<ref>{{Cite tweet \|user=RayKing57 \|number=1021764327408377858 \|first=Ray \|last=King \|title=DougRDNaylor & restoration artist Simon Edwards working on Red Dwarf \|date=24 July 2018 \|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref> and a series 1–8 Blu-ray set release was confirmed in August.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2018/08/03/blu-dwarf \|title=Blu Dwarf \|date=3 August 2018 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=26 October 2018 \|archive-date=26 October 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222739/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2018/08/03/blu-dwarf/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	===Magazine===		===Magazine===

Kurt: /* Novels */

2024-08-09T12:52:06Z

Novels

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:52, 9 August 2024
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	Working together under the name "Grant Naylor", the creators of the series collaboratively wrote two novels. The first, ''[[Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers]]'', was published in November 1989, and it incorporates plot lines from several episodes of the show's first two series. The second novel, ''[[Better Than Life]]'', followed in October 1990, and it is largely based on the second-series episode of the same name. Together, the two novels provide expanded backstory and development of the series' principal characters and themes.		Working together under the name "Grant Naylor", the creators of the series collaboratively wrote two novels. The first, ''[[Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers]]'', was published in November 1989, and it incorporates plot lines from several episodes of the show's first two series. The second novel, ''[[Better Than Life]]'', followed in October 1990, and it is largely based on the second-series episode of the same name. Together, the two novels provide expanded backstory and development of the series' principal characters and themes.

	The authors began work on a sequel to ''Better than Life'', called ''The Last Human'', but Rob Grant was drawn away from ''Red Dwarf'' by an interest in other projects.~~{{Citation needed\|date=October 2009}}~~ Still owing [[Penguin Books\|Penguin Publishing]] two more ''Red Dwarf'' novels, Grant and Naylor decided to each write an alternative sequel to ''Better than Life''. Two completely different sequels were made as a result, each presenting a possible version of the story's continuation. ''[[Last Human]]'', by Doug Naylor, adds Kochanski to the crew and places more emphasis on the science-fiction and plot elements, while Rob Grant's novel ''[[Backwards (novel)\|Backwards]]'', is more in keeping with the previous two novels, and it borrows more extensively from established television stories.<ref name="Series VI Aftermath"/>		The authors began work on a sequel to ''Better than Life'', called ''The Last Human'', but Rob Grant was drawn away from ''Red Dwarf'' by an interest in other projects. Still owing [[Penguin Books\|Penguin Publishing]] two more ''Red Dwarf'' novels, Grant and Naylor decided to each write an alternative sequel to ''Better than Life''. Two completely different sequels were made as a result, each presenting a possible version of the story's continuation. ''[[Last Human]]'', by Doug Naylor, adds Kochanski to the crew and places more emphasis on the science-fiction and plot elements, while Rob Grant's novel ''[[Backwards (novel)\|Backwards]]'', is more in keeping with the previous two novels, and it borrows more extensively from established television stories.<ref name="Series VI Aftermath"/>

	An [[omnibus edition]] of the first two novels was released in 1992, including edits to the original text and extra material such as the original pilot script of the TV series.<ref name="Prog Guide p206">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 206.</ref> All four novels have been released in [[audiobook]] format, the first two read by Chris Barrie,<ref name="Amazon.co.uk: Red Dwarf — Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers">{{cite book \|title=Red Dwarf — Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers \|id={{ASIN\|1897774109\|country=uk}} }}</ref><ref name="Amazon.co.uk: Red Dwarf — Better Than Life">{{cite book \|title=Red Dwarf — Better Than Life \|id={{ASIN\|1897774818\|country=uk}} }}</ref> ''Last Human'' read by Craig Charles,<ref name="Amazon.co.uk: Last Human">{{cite book \|title=Red Dwarf – Last Human \|id={{ASIN\|0007105657\|country=uk}} }}</ref> and ''Backwards'' read by author Rob Grant.<ref name="Amazon.co.uk: Backwards (Red Dwarf)">{{cite book \|title=Backwards: A Red Dwarf Novel \|id={{ASIN\|0140171509\|country=uk}} }}</ref>		An [[omnibus edition]] of the first two novels was released in 1992, including edits to the original text and extra material such as the original pilot script of the TV series.<ref name="Prog Guide p206">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 206.</ref> All four novels have been released in [[audiobook]] format, the first two read by Chris Barrie,<ref name="Amazon.co.uk: Red Dwarf — Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers">{{cite book \|title=Red Dwarf — Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers \|id={{ASIN\|1897774109\|country=uk}} }}</ref><ref name="Amazon.co.uk: Red Dwarf — Better Than Life">{{cite book \|title=Red Dwarf — Better Than Life \|id={{ASIN\|1897774818\|country=uk}} }}</ref> ''Last Human'' read by Craig Charles,<ref name="Amazon.co.uk: Last Human">{{cite book \|title=Red Dwarf – Last Human \|id={{ASIN\|0007105657\|country=uk}} }}</ref> and ''Backwards'' read by author Rob Grant.<ref name="Amazon.co.uk: Backwards (Red Dwarf)">{{cite book \|title=Backwards: A Red Dwarf Novel \|id={{ASIN\|0140171509\|country=uk}} }}</ref>

Kurt: /* Achievements */

2024-08-09T12:49:39Z

Achievements

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:49, 9 August 2024
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	===Achievements===		===Achievements===
	Although the pilot episode of the show gathered over four million viewers, viewing figures dipped in successive episodes and the first series had generally poor ratings.<ref name="Red Dwarf series I Aftermath">{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=1&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=aftermath \|title=Red Dwarf series I Aftermath \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=25 February 2007 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081125165341/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?sectionID=behind-the-scenes&seriesID=1&subsectionID=aftermath \|archive-date=25 November 2008 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Through to series VI the ratings steadily increased and peaked at over six million viewers,<ref name="Series VI Aftermath"/> achieved with the episode "[[Gunmen of the Apocalypse]]".<ref name="Gunmen ratings">{{cite magazine \|url=https://archive.org/details/red_dwarf_smegazine-1993-12/page/n14 \|title=News From the Dwarf: Top of the Charts \|first=Jane \|last=Killick \|date=January 1994 \|magazine=Red Dwarf Smegazine \|volume=2 \|issue=9 \|page=15 \|publisher=Fleetway Editions Ltd \|issn=0965-5603 \|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> When the series returned in 1999 it gained the highest audience figures yet—over eight million viewers tuned in for series VIII's opening episode "[[Back in the Red: Part I]]".<ref name="Back in the Red part I ratings">{{cite web \|url=http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?Requesttimeout=500&report=weeklyterrestrial \|title=Weekly Viewing Summary: Terrestrial Top 30 – 4 December 2005 \|website=[[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board\|BARB]] \|access-date=8 February 2008 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215174702/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&requesttimeout=500 \|archive-date=15 December 2005}}</ref> The series has won numerous awards including the [[Royal Television Society\|Royal Television Society Award]] for special effects, the [[British Science Fiction Association\|British Science Fiction award]] for Best Dramatic Presentation, as well as an International Emmy Award<ref name="Red Dwarf series IV on DVD">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2004/01_january/red_dwarf_dvd.shtml \|title=Red Dwarf series IV on DVD \|website=BBC Worldwide Press Office \|access-date=18 December 2007 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223035702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2004/01_january/red_dwarf_dvd.shtml \|archive-date=23 December 2007 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> for series VI episode "Gunmen of the Apocalypse", which tied with an ''[[Absolutely Fabulous]]'' episode, "Hospital", in the Popular Arts category. The show had also been nominated for the International Emmy Award in 1987, 1989 and 1992. Series VI won a British Comedy Award for 'Best BBC Comedy Series'. The video sales have won eight Gold Awards from the British Video Association,<ref name="The Red Dwarf Phenomenon">{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck04/rdp.html \|title=The Red Dwarf Phenomenon: 12 Years On \|date=2001 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=18 December 2007 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010807131041/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck04/rdp.html \|archive-date=7 August 2001}}</ref> and the series still holds the record for being BBC Two's longest-running, highest-rated sitcom.<ref name="Red Dwarf VI on DVD">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/01_january/red_dwarf.shtml \|title=Red Dwarf VI on DVD \|date=1 January 2005 \|website=BBC Worldwide Press Office \|access-date=18 December 2007 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220135547/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/01_january/red_dwarf.shtml \|archive-date=20 February 2009 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2007 the series was voted 'Best Sci-Fi Show Of All Time' by the readers of ''[[Radio Times]]'' magazine. Editor Gill Hudson stated that this result had surprised them as 'the series had not given any new episodes this century'.<ref name="Red Dwarf voted 'best sci-fi show'">{{cite web \|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/cult/a66354/red-dwarf-voted-best-sci-fi-show.html \|title=Red Dwarf voted 'best sci-fi show' \|first=Beth \|last=Hilton \|date=17 July 2007 \|website=[[Digital Spy]] \|access-date=23 January 2008 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010074216/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/cult/a66354/red-dwarf-voted-best-sci-fi-show.html \|archive-date=10 October 2007 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In January 2017, series XI was voted "Best Returning TV Sitcom" and "Comedy of the Year" for 2016 by readers for the [[British Comedy Guide]].<ref name="Comedy of the Year 2016"/>		Although the pilot episode of the show gathered over four million viewers, viewing figures dipped in successive episodes and the first series had generally poor ratings.<ref name="Red Dwarf series I Aftermath">{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=1&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=aftermath \|title=Red Dwarf series I Aftermath \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=25 February 2007 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081125165341/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?sectionID=behind-the-scenes&seriesID=1&subsectionID=aftermath \|archive-date=25 November 2008 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Through to series VI the ratings steadily increased and peaked at over six million viewers,<ref name="Series VI Aftermath"/> achieved with the episode "[[Gunmen of the Apocalypse]]".<ref name="Gunmen ratings">{{cite magazine \|url=https://archive.org/details/red_dwarf_smegazine-1993-12/page/n14 \|title=News From the Dwarf: Top of the Charts \|first=Jane \|last=Killick \|date=January 1994 \|magazine=Red Dwarf Smegazine \|volume=2 \|issue=9 \|page=15 \|publisher=Fleetway Editions Ltd \|issn=0965-5603 \|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> When the series returned in 1999 it gained the highest audience figures yet—over eight million viewers tuned in for series VIII's opening episode "[[Back in the Red\|Back in the Red: Part I]]".<ref name="Back in the Red part I ratings">{{cite web \|url=http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?Requesttimeout=500&report=weeklyterrestrial \|title=Weekly Viewing Summary: Terrestrial Top 30 – 4 December 2005 \|website=[[Broadcasters' Audience Research Board\|BARB]] \|access-date=8 February 2008 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215174702/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=weeklyterrestrial&requesttimeout=500 \|archive-date=15 December 2005}}</ref> The series has won numerous awards including the [[Royal Television Society\|Royal Television Society Award]] for special effects, the [[British Science Fiction Association\|British Science Fiction award]] for Best Dramatic Presentation, as well as an International Emmy Award<ref name="Red Dwarf series IV on DVD">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2004/01_january/red_dwarf_dvd.shtml \|title=Red Dwarf series IV on DVD \|website=BBC Worldwide Press Office \|access-date=18 December 2007 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223035702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2004/01_january/red_dwarf_dvd.shtml \|archive-date=23 December 2007 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> for series VI episode "Gunmen of the Apocalypse", which tied with an ''[[Absolutely Fabulous]]'' episode, "Hospital", in the Popular Arts category. The show had also been nominated for the International Emmy Award in 1987, 1989 and 1992. Series VI won a British Comedy Award for 'Best BBC Comedy Series'. The video sales have won eight Gold Awards from the British Video Association,<ref name="The Red Dwarf Phenomenon">{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck04/rdp.html \|title=The Red Dwarf Phenomenon: 12 Years On \|date=2001 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=18 December 2007 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010807131041/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck04/rdp.html \|archive-date=7 August 2001}}</ref> and the series still holds the record for being BBC Two's longest-running, highest-rated sitcom.<ref name="Red Dwarf VI on DVD">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/01_january/red_dwarf.shtml \|title=Red Dwarf VI on DVD \|date=1 January 2005 \|website=BBC Worldwide Press Office \|access-date=18 December 2007 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220135547/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/01_january/red_dwarf.shtml \|archive-date=20 February 2009 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2007 the series was voted 'Best Sci-Fi Show Of All Time' by the readers of ''[[Radio Times]]'' magazine. Editor Gill Hudson stated that this result had surprised them as 'the series had not given any new episodes this century'.<ref name="Red Dwarf voted 'best sci-fi show'">{{cite web \|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/cult/a66354/red-dwarf-voted-best-sci-fi-show.html \|title=Red Dwarf voted 'best sci-fi show' \|first=Beth \|last=Hilton \|date=17 July 2007 \|website=[[Digital Spy]] \|access-date=23 January 2008 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010074216/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/cult/a66354/red-dwarf-voted-best-sci-fi-show.html \|archive-date=10 October 2007 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In January 2017, series XI was voted "Best Returning TV Sitcom" and "Comedy of the Year" for 2016 by readers for the [[British Comedy Guide]].<ref name="Comedy of the Year 2016"/>

	A year later ''Red Dwarf'' once again was voted "Best Returning TV Sitcom" for series XII retaining the title from British Comedy Guide.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/news/2938/comedy_co_uk_awards_2017_winners \|title=Inside No. 9 named Comedy Of The Year 2017 \|date=29 January 2018 \|website=British Comedy Guide \|access-date=9 February 2018 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210062125/https://www.comedy.co.uk/news/2938/comedy_co_uk_awards_2017_winners \|archive-date=10 February 2018}}</ref>		A year later ''Red Dwarf'' once again was voted "Best Returning TV Sitcom" for series XII retaining the title from British Comedy Guide.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/news/2938/comedy_co_uk_awards_2017_winners \|title=Inside No. 9 named Comedy Of The Year 2017 \|date=29 January 2018 \|website=British Comedy Guide \|access-date=9 February 2018 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210062125/https://www.comedy.co.uk/news/2938/comedy_co_uk_awards_2017_winners \|archive-date=10 February 2018}}</ref>

Kurt: /* Setting and plot */

2024-08-08T03:34:04Z

Setting and plot

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:34, 7 August 2024
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	Despite the [[pastiche]] of science fiction used as a backdrop, ''Red Dwarf'' is primarily a [[Character driven\|character-driven]] comedy, with science fiction elements used as complementary [[plot device]]s.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/welcome-back-to-red-dwarf-the-best-running-joke-on-uk-television/\|title=Welcome Back to Red Dwarf: The Best Running Joke on UK Television\|last=Stuart\|first=Alasdair\|date=2016-09-22\|website=Tor.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-01-31\|archive-date=31 January 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131182552/https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/welcome-back-to-red-dwarf-the-best-running-joke-on-uk-television/\|url-status=live}}</ref> Especially in the early episodes, a recurring source of comedy was the ''[[The Odd Couple (film)\|Odd Couple]]''-style relationship between the two central characters of the show, who have an intense dislike for each other, yet are trapped together deep in space.		Despite the [[pastiche]] of science fiction used as a backdrop, ''Red Dwarf'' is primarily a [[Character driven\|character-driven]] comedy, with science fiction elements used as complementary [[plot device]]s.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/welcome-back-to-red-dwarf-the-best-running-joke-on-uk-television/\|title=Welcome Back to Red Dwarf: The Best Running Joke on UK Television\|last=Stuart\|first=Alasdair\|date=2016-09-22\|website=Tor.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-01-31\|archive-date=31 January 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131182552/https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/welcome-back-to-red-dwarf-the-best-running-joke-on-uk-television/\|url-status=live}}</ref> Especially in the early episodes, a recurring source of comedy was the ''[[The Odd Couple (film)\|Odd Couple]]''-style relationship between the two central characters of the show, who have an intense dislike for each other, yet are trapped together deep in space.

	In Series III, the computer Holly changes from male ([[Norman Lovett]]) to female ([[Hattie Hayridge]]), and the [[mechanoid]] Kryten (who had appeared in [[Kryten (Red Dwarf ~~episode~~)\|one episode]] in Series II<ref>Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 52.</ref>) joins the crew and becomes a regular character.<ref name="screenonline: Red Dwarf"/>		In Series III, the computer Holly changes from male ([[Norman Lovett]]) to female ([[Hattie Hayridge]]), and the [[mechanoid]] Kryten (who had appeared in [[Kryten (Red Dwarf)\|one episode]] in Series II<ref>Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 52.</ref>) joins the crew and becomes a regular character.<ref name="screenonline: Red Dwarf"/>

	In Series VI, a [[story arc]] is introduced where ''Red Dwarf'' has been stolen, and the crew pursue it in the smaller ''Starbug'' craft, with the side effect that the character Holly disappears.<ref name="Series VI review at Sci-Fi Weekly">{{cite web \|url=http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw1823.html \|title=Red Dwarf Series VI DVD \|date=28 March 2005 \|website=Sci-Fi Weekly \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304092932/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw1823.html \|archive-date=4 March 2009}}</ref>		In Series VI, a [[story arc]] is introduced where ''Red Dwarf'' has been stolen, and the crew pursue it in the smaller ''Starbug'' craft, with the side effect that the character Holly disappears.<ref name="Series VI review at Sci-Fi Weekly">{{cite web \|url=http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw1823.html \|title=Red Dwarf Series VI DVD \|date=28 March 2005 \|website=Sci-Fi Weekly \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304092932/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw1823.html \|archive-date=4 March 2009}}</ref>

Kurt at 02:59, 8 August 2024

2024-08-08T02:59:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:59, 7 August 2024
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	~~{{short description\|British comedy programme}}~~
	{{Infobox television		{{Infobox television
	\| image = RedDwarf.svg		\| image = RedDwarf.svg
	\| caption = Logo (1992–99)		\| caption = Logo (1992–99)
	\| genre = {{Plainlist\|		\| genre = {{Plainlist\|
	*[[~~w:Sitcom\|~~Sitcom]]		*[[Sitcom]]
	*[[~~w:Science fiction\|~~Science fiction]]}}		*[[Science fiction]]}}
	\| creator = {{Plainlist\|		\| creator = {{Plainlist\|
	* [[~~w:Rob Grant\|~~Rob Grant]]		* [[Rob Grant]]
	* [[~~w:Doug Naylor\|~~Doug Naylor]]}}<!--As credited-->		* [[Doug Naylor]]}}<!--As credited-->
	\| based_on = {{Based on\|''[[~~w:Dave Hollins: Space Cadet\|~~Dave Hollins: Space Cadet]]''\|Rob Grant<br />Doug Naylor}}		\| based_on = {{Based on\|''[[Dave Hollins: Space Cadet]]''\|Rob Grant<br />Doug Naylor}}
	\| director = [[~~w:Ed Bye\|~~Ed Bye]] (1988–91, 1997–99)<br />[[~~w:Juliet May\|~~Juliet May]] (1992)<br />[[~~w:Grant Naylor\|~~Grant Naylor]]<!--As credited--> (1992)<br />[[~~w:Andy de Emmony\|~~Andy de Emmony]] (1993)<br />Doug Naylor (2009–present)		\| director = [[Ed Bye]] (1988–91, 1997–99)<br />[[Juliet May]] (1992)<br />[[Grant Naylor]]<!--As credited--> (1992)<br />[[Andy de Emmony]] (1993)<br />Doug Naylor (2009–present)
	\| starring = {{Plainlist\|		\| starring = {{Plainlist\|
	* [[~~w:Chris Barrie\|~~Chris Barrie]]		* [[Chris Barrie]]
	* [[~~w:Craig Charles\|~~Craig Charles]]		* [[Craig Charles]]
	* [[~~w:Danny John-Jules\|~~Danny John-Jules]]		* [[Danny John-Jules]]
	* [[~~w:Norman Lovett\|~~Norman Lovett]]		* [[Norman Lovett]]
	* [[~~w:Hattie Hayridge\|~~Hattie Hayridge]]		* [[Hattie Hayridge]]
	* [[~~w:Robert Llewellyn\|~~Robert Llewellyn]]		* [[Robert Llewellyn]]
	* [[~~w:Chloë Annett\|~~Chloë Annett]]		* [[Chloë Annett]]
	}}		}}
	\| country = United Kingdom		\| country = United Kingdom
	\| composer = [[~~w:Howard Goodall\|~~Howard Goodall]] (1988–2017)<br /> [[~~w:Paul Farrer\|~~Paul Farrer]] (2020) <br />		\| composer = [[Howard Goodall]] (1988–2017)<br /> [[Paul Farrer]] (2020) <br />
	\| language = English		\| language = English
	\| num_episodes = 74		\| num_episodes = 74
	\| list_episodes = List of Red Dwarf episodes		\| list_episodes = List of Red Dwarf episodes
	\| executive_producer = [[w:Paul Jackson (producer)\|Paul Jackson]] (1988–89)<br />Doug Naylor (1992–present)<br />Rob Grant (1992–93)<br />[[~~w:Henry Normal\|~~Henry Normal]] (2016–present)<br />[[~~w:Christine Langan\|~~Christine Langan]] (2020)		\| executive_producer = [[Paul Jackson (producer)\|Paul Jackson]] (1988–89)<br />Doug Naylor (1992–present)<br />Rob Grant (1992–93)<br />[[Henry Normal]] (2016–present)<br />[[Christine Langan]] (2020)
	\| producer = Ed Bye (1988–91, 1997–99)<br />Hilary Bevan-Jones (1992)<br />Justin Judd (1993)<br />Jo Howard and Helen Norman (2009)<br />Richard Naylor (2012–present)<br />Kerry Waddell (2016–present)		\| producer = Ed Bye (1988–91, 1997–99)<br />Hilary Bevan-Jones (1992)<br />Justin Judd (1993)<br />Jo Howard and Helen Norman (2009)<br />Richard Naylor (2012–present)<br />Kerry Waddell (2016–present)
	\| camera = Tape (1988–99); Digital (2009–present)<br />[[w:Multi-camera setup\|Multi-camera]] (Series 1–6, 8, 10–present),<br />[[w:Single-camera setup\|Single-camera]] (Series 7, ''[[w:Red Dwarf: Back to Earth\|Back to Earth]]'')		\| camera = Tape (1988–99); Digital (2009–present)<br />[[Multi-camera setup\|Multi-camera]] (Series 1–6, 8, 10–present),<br />[[Single-camera setup\|Single-camera]] (Series 7, ''[[Red Dwarf: Back to Earth\|Back to Earth]]'')
	\| runtime = 28–30 minutes (Series 1–8, 10–12)<br />25 minutes (per part) (''Back to Earth'')<br />90 minutes (''[[Red Dwarf: The Promised Land\|The Promised Land]]'')		\| runtime = 28–30 minutes (Series 1–8, 10–12)<br />25 minutes (per part) (''Back to Earth'')<br />90 minutes (''[[Red Dwarf: The Promised Land\|The Promised Land]]'')
	\| company = Paul Jackson Productions (1988–89)<br /> [[w:Grant Naylor\|Grant Naylor Productions]] (1991–)<br />[[~~w:Baby Cow Productions\|~~Baby Cow Productions]] (2016–)		\| company = Paul Jackson Productions (1988–89)<br /> [[Grant Naylor\|Grant Naylor Productions]] (1991–)<br />[[Baby Cow Productions]] (2016–)
	\| budget = £250,000 per episode		\| budget = £250,000 per episode
	\| network = [[~~w:BBC Two\|~~BBC Two]] (1988–99)<br />[[w:Dave (TV channel)\|Dave]] (2009–present)		\| network = [[BBC Two]] (1988–99)<br />[[Dave (TV channel)\|Dave]] (2009–present)
	\| picture_format = 576i (1988–99)<br />1080p (2009–present)		\| picture_format = 576i (1988–99)<br />1080p (2009–present)
	\| first_aired = {{Plainlist\|		\| first_aired = {{Plainlist\|
Line 38:		Line 37:
	}}		}}
	\| num_series = 12, and 1 TV film <!-- Updated as seasons premiere and not in advance per WP:CRYSTAL -->		\| num_series = 12, and 1 TV film <!-- Updated as seasons premiere and not in advance per WP:CRYSTAL -->
	\| audio_format = [[~~w:Dolby Stereo\|~~Dolby Stereo]] (1988–1989)		\| audio_format = [[Dolby Stereo]] (1988–1989)
	[[~~w:Dolby Surround\|~~Dolby Surround]] (1991-1999)		[[Dolby Surround]] (1991-1999)
	[[~~w:Dolby Digital\|~~Dolby Digital]] (2009–present)		[[Dolby Digital]] (2009–present)
	}}		}}

	'''''Red Dwarf''''' is a British [[~~w:science fiction comedy\|~~science fiction comedy]] franchise created by [[~~w:Rob Grant\|~~Rob Grant]] and [[~~w:Doug Naylor\|~~Doug Naylor]], which primarily consists of a [[~~w:television\|~~television]] [[~~w:sitcom\|~~sitcom]] that aired on [[~~w:BBC Two\|~~BBC Two]] between 1988 and 1999, and on [[w:Dave (TV channel)\|Dave]] since 2009, gaining a [[~~w:cult following\|~~cult following]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2002/10_october/reddwarf.shtml \|title=Red Dwarf on DVD \|date=4 October 2002 \|website=[[~~w:BBC Worldwide\|~~BBC Worldwide]] Press Office \|access-date=28 November 2009 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227022348/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2002/10_october/reddwarf.shtml \|archive-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> The series follows low-ranking [[~~w:technician\|~~technician]] [[Dave Lister]], who awakens after being in [[~~w:suspended animation\|~~suspended animation]] for three million years to find that he is the last living [[~~w:human\|~~human]], and alone on the [[~~w:mining\|~~mining]] [[~~w:spacecraft\|~~spacecraft]] ''Red Dwarf'', save for a hologram of [[Arnold Rimmer]], Lister's deceased bunkmate, and [[Cat (Red Dwarf)\|Cat]], a life form which evolved from Lister's pregnant [[~~w:cat\|~~cat]].		'''''Red Dwarf''''' is a British [[science fiction comedy]] franchise created by [[Rob Grant]] and [[Doug Naylor]], which primarily consists of a [[television]] [[sitcom]] that aired on [[BBC Two]] between 1988 and 1999, and on [[Dave (TV channel)\|Dave]] since 2009, gaining a [[cult following]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2002/10_october/reddwarf.shtml \|title=Red Dwarf on DVD \|date=4 October 2002 \|website=[[BBC Worldwide]] Press Office \|access-date=28 November 2009 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227022348/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2002/10_october/reddwarf.shtml \|archive-date=27 February 2010}}</ref> The series follows low-ranking [[technician]] [[Dave Lister]], who awakens after being in [[suspended animation]] for three million years to find that he is the last living [[human]], and alone on the [[mining]] [[spacecraft]] ''Red Dwarf'', save for a hologram of [[Arnold Rimmer]], Lister's deceased bunkmate, and [[Cat (Red Dwarf)\|Cat]], a life form which evolved from Lister's pregnant [[cat]].

	As of 2020, the cast includes [[~~w:Chris Barrie\|~~Chris Barrie]] as Rimmer, [[~~w:Craig Charles\|~~Craig Charles]] as Lister, [[~~w:Danny John-Jules\|~~Danny John-Jules]] as Cat, [[~~w:Robert Llewellyn\|~~Robert Llewellyn]] as the sanitation droid [[~~w:Kryten\|~~Kryten]], and [[~~w:Norman Lovett\|~~Norman Lovett]] as the ship's computer, [[Holly (Red Dwarf)\|Holly]].		As of 2020, the cast includes [[Chris Barrie]] as Rimmer, [[Craig Charles]] as Lister, [[Danny John-Jules]] as Cat, [[Robert Llewellyn]] as the sanitation droid [[Kryten]], and [[Norman Lovett]] as the ship's computer, [[Holly (Red Dwarf)\|Holly]].

	To date, twelve series of the show have aired (including one [[~~w:miniseries\|~~miniseries]]), in addition to a [[w:Television film\|feature-length]] special ''The Promised Land''. Four [[~~w:novel\|~~novel]]s were published from 1989 to 1996. Two [[w:Television pilot\|pilot episodes]] of an American version of the show were produced but never aired. The magazine ''The Red Dwarf Smegazine'' was published from 1992 to 1994.		To date, twelve series of the show have aired (including one [[miniseries]]), in addition to a [[Television film\|feature-length]] special ''The Promised Land''. Four [[novel]]s were published from 1989 to 1996. Two [[Television pilot\|pilot episodes]] of an American version of the show were produced but never aired. The magazine ''The Red Dwarf Smegazine'' was published from 1992 to 1994.

	One of the series' highest accolades came in 1994 when an episode from the sixth series, "[[Gunmen of the Apocalypse]]", won an International [[~~w:Emmy Award\|~~Emmy Award]] in the Popular Arts category. In the same year, the series was also awarded "Best BBC Comedy Series" at the [[~~w:British Comedy Awards\|~~British Comedy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/01_january/red_dwarf.shtml \|title=Red Dwarf VI released on DVD \|date=12 January 2005 \|website=BBC Worldwide Press Office \|access-date=5 February 2009 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220135547/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/01_january/red_dwarf.shtml \|archive-date=20 February 2009}}</ref> The series attracted its highest ratings, of more than eight million viewers, during the eighth series in 1999.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=8&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=aftermath \|title=Red Dwarf VIII: Aftermath \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=5 February 2009 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123092957/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=8&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=aftermath \|archive-date=23 January 2009}}</ref>		One of the series' highest accolades came in 1994 when an episode from the sixth series, "[[Gunmen of the Apocalypse]]", won an International [[Emmy Award]] in the Popular Arts category. In the same year, the series was also awarded "Best BBC Comedy Series" at the [[British Comedy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/01_january/red_dwarf.shtml \|title=Red Dwarf VI released on DVD \|date=12 January 2005 \|website=BBC Worldwide Press Office \|access-date=5 February 2009 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220135547/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2005/01_january/red_dwarf.shtml \|archive-date=20 February 2009}}</ref> The series attracted its highest ratings, of more than eight million viewers, during the eighth series in 1999.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=8&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=aftermath \|title=Red Dwarf VIII: Aftermath \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=5 February 2009 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123092957/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=8&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=aftermath \|archive-date=23 January 2009}}</ref>

	The revived series on Dave has consistently delivered some of the highest ratings for non-[[w:Public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom\|Public Service Broadcasting]] commissions in the UK.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2009/04/17/back-to-earth-ratings \|title=Back To Earth Ratings \|date=17 April 2009 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=21 August 2017 \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309183248/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2009/04/17/back%2Dto%2Dearth%2Dratings \|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2012/11/23/rated-and-reviewed \|title=Rated And Reviewed: The dust settles on Series X \|date=23 November 2012 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=21 August 2017 \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407105155/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2012/11/23/rated-and-reviewed \|archive-date=7 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2016/10/07/topping-the-charts \|title=Topping The Charts: Consolidated viewing figures for Twentica \|date=7 October 2016 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=21 August 2017 \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912114307/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2016/10/07/topping-the-charts \|archive-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> Series XI was voted "Best Returning TV Sitcom" and "Comedy of the Year" for 2016 by readers for the [[~~w:British Comedy Guide\|~~British Comedy Guide]].<ref name="Comedy of the Year 2016">{{cite web \|url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/news/2411/comedy_co_uk_awards_2016 \|title=Comedy.co.uk Awards 2016 winners announced \|date=23 January 2017 \|website=[[~~w:British Comedy Guide\|~~British Comedy Guide]] \|access-date=23 January 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203003112/https://www.comedy.co.uk/news/2411/comedy_co_uk_awards_2016 \|archive-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> In a 2019 ranking by ''[[w:Empire (film magazine)\|Empire]]'', ''Red Dwarf'' came 80th on a list of the 100 best TV shows of all time.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-tv-shows-ever-2/ \|title=The 100 Greatest TV Shows Of All Time \|website=[[w:Empire (film magazine)\|Empire]] \|date=16 October 2019 \|author=Team Empire \|access-date=14 December 2019 \|archive-date=24 April 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424080548/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-tv-shows-ever-2/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>		The revived series on Dave has consistently delivered some of the highest ratings for non-[[Public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom\|Public Service Broadcasting]] commissions in the UK.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2009/04/17/back-to-earth-ratings \|title=Back To Earth Ratings \|date=17 April 2009 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=21 August 2017 \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309183248/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2009/04/17/back%2Dto%2Dearth%2Dratings \|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2012/11/23/rated-and-reviewed \|title=Rated And Reviewed: The dust settles on Series X \|date=23 November 2012 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=21 August 2017 \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407105155/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2012/11/23/rated-and-reviewed \|archive-date=7 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2016/10/07/topping-the-charts \|title=Topping The Charts: Consolidated viewing figures for Twentica \|date=7 October 2016 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=21 August 2017 \|language=en \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912114307/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/news/2016/10/07/topping-the-charts \|archive-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> Series XI was voted "Best Returning TV Sitcom" and "Comedy of the Year" for 2016 by readers for the [[British Comedy Guide]].<ref name="Comedy of the Year 2016">{{cite web \|url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/news/2411/comedy_co_uk_awards_2016 \|title=Comedy.co.uk Awards 2016 winners announced \|date=23 January 2017 \|website=[[British Comedy Guide]] \|access-date=23 January 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203003112/https://www.comedy.co.uk/news/2411/comedy_co_uk_awards_2016 \|archive-date=3 February 2017}}</ref> In a 2019 ranking by ''[[Empire (film magazine)\|Empire]]'', ''Red Dwarf'' came 80th on a list of the 100 best TV shows of all time.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-tv-shows-ever-2/ \|title=The 100 Greatest TV Shows Of All Time \|website=[[Empire (film magazine)\|Empire]] \|date=16 October 2019 \|author=Team Empire \|access-date=14 December 2019 \|archive-date=24 April 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424080548/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-tv-shows-ever-2/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	==Setting and plot==		==Setting and plot==

Kurt at 16:52, 11 January 2023

2023-01-11T16:52:41Z

Show changes

Kurt: /* See also */

2023-01-11T16:41:32Z

Kurt: /* U.S. version */

2023-01-11T16:37:11Z

U.S. version

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:37, 11 January 2023
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	===U.S. version===		===U.S. version===
	[[File:Red dwarf usa 9.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~\|Cast of second ''Red Dwarf USA'' pilot]]		[[File:Red dwarf usa 9.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Cast of second ''Red Dwarf USA'' pilot]]
	Despite the original version having been broadcast on [[PBS]], a pilot episode for an American version (known as ''Red Dwarf USA'') was produced through [[Universal Studios]] with the intention of broadcasting on [[NBC]] in 1992.<ref>Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 228.</ref> The show essentially followed the same story as the [[The End (Red Dwarf)\|first episode]] of the original series, using American actors for most of the main roles:<ref>Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 225.</ref> [[Craig Bierko]] as Lister, [[Chris Eigeman]] as Rimmer, and [[Hinton Battle]] as Cat. Exceptions to this were Llewellyn, who reprised his role as Kryten, and the British actress [[Jane Leeves]], who played Holly. It was written by [[Linwood Boomer]] and directed by [[Jeffrey Melman]], with Grant and Naylor on board as creators and executive producers.<ref name="Red Dwarf USA">{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/features/history/red-dwarf-usa \|title=Dwarf USA: The full story behind 1992's ill-fated American Red Dwarf pilot \|date=19 July 2002 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=6 February 2008 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302145610/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/features/history/red%2Ddwarf%2Dusa \|archive-date=2 March 2008 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Llewellyn, Grant and Naylor travelled to America for the filming of the American pilot after production of the fifth series of the UK series. According to Llewellyn and Naylor, the cast were not satisfied with Linwood Boomer's script. Grant and Naylor rewrote the script, but although the cast preferred the re-write, the script as filmed was closer to Boomer's version. The pilot episode includes footage from the UK series in its title sequence, although it did not retain the logo or the theme music of the UK series. During filming of the pilot, the audience reaction was good and it was felt that the story had been well received.<ref name="Red Dwarf USA"/>		Despite the original version having been broadcast on [[PBS]], a pilot episode for an American version (known as ''Red Dwarf USA'') was produced through [[Universal Studios]] with the intention of broadcasting on [[NBC]] in 1992.<ref>Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 228.</ref> The show essentially followed the same story as the [[The End (Red Dwarf)\|first episode]] of the original series, using American actors for most of the main roles:<ref>Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 225.</ref> [[Craig Bierko]] as Lister, [[Chris Eigeman]] as Rimmer, and [[Hinton Battle]] as Cat. Exceptions to this were Llewellyn, who reprised his role as Kryten, and the British actress [[Jane Leeves]], who played Holly. It was written by [[Linwood Boomer]] and directed by [[Jeffrey Melman]], with Grant and Naylor on board as creators and executive producers.<ref name="Red Dwarf USA">{{cite web \|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/features/history/red-dwarf-usa \|title=Dwarf USA: The full story behind 1992's ill-fated American Red Dwarf pilot \|date=19 July 2002 \|website=RedDwarf.co.uk \|access-date=6 February 2008 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302145610/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/features/history/red%2Ddwarf%2Dusa \|archive-date=2 March 2008 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Llewellyn, Grant and Naylor travelled to America for the filming of the American pilot after production of the fifth series of the UK series. According to Llewellyn and Naylor, the cast were not satisfied with Linwood Boomer's script. Grant and Naylor rewrote the script, but although the cast preferred the re-write, the script as filmed was closer to Boomer's version. The pilot episode includes footage from the UK series in its title sequence, although it did not retain the logo or the theme music of the UK series. During filming of the pilot, the audience reaction was good and it was felt that the story had been well received.<ref name="Red Dwarf USA"/>

Kurt: /* Novels */

2023-01-11T16:36:21Z

Novels

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:36, 11 January 2023
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	===Novels===		===Novels===
	~~[[File:German-novel-artwork-1s.jpg\|thumb\|right\|The German edition of ''Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers'', entitled ''Roter Zwerg'']]~~
	Working together under the name "Grant Naylor", the creators of the series collaboratively wrote two novels. The first, ''[[Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers]]'', was published in November 1989, and it incorporates plot lines from several episodes of the show's first two series. The second novel, ''[[Better Than Life]]'', followed in October 1990, and it is largely based on the second-series episode of the same name. Together, the two novels provide expanded backstory and development of the series' principal characters and themes.		Working together under the name "Grant Naylor", the creators of the series collaboratively wrote two novels. The first, ''[[Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers]]'', was published in November 1989, and it incorporates plot lines from several episodes of the show's first two series. The second novel, ''[[Better Than Life]]'', followed in October 1990, and it is largely based on the second-series episode of the same name. Together, the two novels provide expanded backstory and development of the series' principal characters and themes.

Kurt at 12:59, 30 September 2022

2022-09-30T12:59:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:59, 30 September 2022
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	==Setting and plot==		==Setting and plot==
	[[File:The Red Dwarf ~~sapce~~ ship as seen in series 10.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Red Dwarf's design from Series X (2012) and onwards]]The main setting of the series is the eponymous mining spaceship ''Red Dwarf''.<ref name="Series I at Sci Fi Dimensions">{{cite web \|url=http://www.scifidimensions.com/Feb03/reddwarf1.htm \|title=DVD Review: Red Dwarf Series I \|first=John C. \|last=Snider \|date=2003 \|website=ScifiDimensions.com \|access-date=6 February 2008 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017101712/http://www.scifidimensions.com/Feb03/reddwarf1.htm \|archive-date=17 October 2012 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the first episode, set sometime in the late 21st century, an on-board [[radiation]] leak kills everyone except lowest-ranking technician Dave Lister, who is in suspended animation at the time, as punishment for [[smuggling]] a cat aboard the ship. The cat, Frankenstein, who is revealed to be pregnant, is safe in the cargo hold.<ref name="Prog Guide p45">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 45.</ref> Following the accident, the ship's computer [[Holly (Red Dwarf)\|Holly]] keeps Lister in stasis until the radiation levels return to normal—a process that takes three million years.<ref name="Prog Guide p45"/> Lister therefore emerges as the last human being in the [[universe]]—but not alone on board the ship.<ref name="Prog Guide p46">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 46.</ref> His former bunkmate and immediate superior Arnold Judas Rimmer (a character plagued by failure) is [[Resurrection\|resurrected]] by Holly as a [[volumetric display\|hologram]] to keep Lister sane. They are joined by a creature known only as [[Cat (Red Dwarf)\|Cat]], the last member of a race of humanoid [[felidae\|felines]] that [[Evolution of mammals\|evolved]] in the ship's hold from Lister's pregnant cat during the three million years that Lister was in stasis.<ref name="Prog Guide p46"/>		[[File:The Red Dwarf space ship as seen in series 10.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Red Dwarf's design from Series X (2012) and onwards]]The main setting of the series is the eponymous mining spaceship ''Red Dwarf''.<ref name="Series I at Sci Fi Dimensions">{{cite web \|url=http://www.scifidimensions.com/Feb03/reddwarf1.htm \|title=DVD Review: Red Dwarf Series I \|first=John C. \|last=Snider \|date=2003 \|website=ScifiDimensions.com \|access-date=6 February 2008 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017101712/http://www.scifidimensions.com/Feb03/reddwarf1.htm \|archive-date=17 October 2012 \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the first episode, set sometime in the late 21st century, an on-board [[radiation]] leak kills everyone except lowest-ranking technician Dave Lister, who is in suspended animation at the time, as punishment for [[smuggling]] a cat aboard the ship. The cat, Frankenstein, who is revealed to be pregnant, is safe in the cargo hold.<ref name="Prog Guide p45">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 45.</ref> Following the accident, the ship's computer [[Holly (Red Dwarf)\|Holly]] keeps Lister in stasis until the radiation levels return to normal—a process that takes three million years.<ref name="Prog Guide p45"/> Lister therefore emerges as the last human being in the [[universe]]—but not alone on board the ship.<ref name="Prog Guide p46">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 46.</ref> His former bunkmate and immediate superior Arnold Judas Rimmer (a character plagued by failure) is [[Resurrection\|resurrected]] by Holly as a [[volumetric display\|hologram]] to keep Lister sane. They are joined by a creature known only as [[Cat (Red Dwarf)\|Cat]], the last member of a race of humanoid [[felidae\|felines]] that [[Evolution of mammals\|evolved]] in the ship's hold from Lister's pregnant cat during the three million years that Lister was in stasis.<ref name="Prog Guide p46"/>

	The series revolves around Lister being the last human alive, three million years from [[Earth]], with his companions. The crew encounter phenomena such as [[Time distortion theory\|time distortions]], [[faster-than-light]] travel, [[mutant]] [[disease]]s and strange [[lifeform]]s (all evolved from Earth, because the series has no aliens) that had developed in the intervening millions of years.<ref name="Series I at SciFi.com">{{cite web \|url=http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw9510.html \|title=Red Dwarf Series I DVD \|date=3 March 2003 \|website=Sci-Fi Weekly \|access-date=6 February 2008 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817030011/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw9510.html \|archive-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> Though it has a science fiction setting, much of the humour comes from the interactions of the characters, particularly the laid-back Lister and the stuck-up Rimmer.		The series revolves around Lister being the last human alive, three million years from [[Earth]], with his companions. The crew encounter phenomena such as [[Time distortion theory\|time distortions]], [[faster-than-light]] travel, [[mutant]] [[disease]]s and strange [[lifeform]]s (all evolved from Earth, because the series has no aliens) that had developed in the intervening millions of years.<ref name="Series I at SciFi.com">{{cite web \|url=http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw9510.html \|title=Red Dwarf Series I DVD \|date=3 March 2003 \|website=Sci-Fi Weekly \|access-date=6 February 2008 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817030011/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw9510.html \|archive-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> Though it has a science fiction setting, much of the humour comes from the interactions of the characters, particularly the laid-back Lister and the stuck-up Rimmer.

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	Despite the [[pastiche]] of science fiction used as a backdrop, ''Red Dwarf'' is primarily a [[Character driven\|character-driven]] comedy, with science fiction elements used as complementary [[plot device]]s.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/welcome-back-to-red-dwarf-the-best-running-joke-on-uk-television/\|title=Welcome Back to Red Dwarf: The Best Running Joke on UK Television\|last=Stuart\|first=Alasdair\|date=2016-09-22\|website=Tor.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-01-31\|archive-date=31 January 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131182552/https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/welcome-back-to-red-dwarf-the-best-running-joke-on-uk-television/\|url-status=live}}</ref> Especially in the early episodes, a recurring source of comedy was the ''[[The Odd Couple (film)\|Odd Couple]]''-style relationship between the two central characters of the show, who have an intense dislike for each other, yet are trapped together deep in space.		Despite the [[pastiche]] of science fiction used as a backdrop, ''Red Dwarf'' is primarily a [[Character driven\|character-driven]] comedy, with science fiction elements used as complementary [[plot device]]s.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/welcome-back-to-red-dwarf-the-best-running-joke-on-uk-television/\|title=Welcome Back to Red Dwarf: The Best Running Joke on UK Television\|last=Stuart\|first=Alasdair\|date=2016-09-22\|website=Tor.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-01-31\|archive-date=31 January 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131182552/https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/welcome-back-to-red-dwarf-the-best-running-joke-on-uk-television/\|url-status=live}}</ref> Especially in the early episodes, a recurring source of comedy was the ''[[The Odd Couple (film)\|Odd Couple]]''-style relationship between the two central characters of the show, who have an intense dislike for each other, yet are trapped together deep in space.

	In Series III, the computer Holly changes from male ([[Norman Lovett]]) to female ([[Hattie Hayridge]]), and the [[mechanoid]] Kryten (who had appeared in [[Kryten (Red Dwarf ~~episode~~)\|one episode]] in Series II<ref>Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 52.</ref>) joins the crew and becomes a regular character.<ref name="screenonline: Red Dwarf"/>		In Series III, the computer Holly changes from male ([[Norman Lovett]]) to female ([[Hattie Hayridge]]), and the [[mechanoid]] Kryten (who had appeared in [[Kryten (Red Dwarf)\|one episode]] in Series II<ref>Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 52.</ref>) joins the crew and becomes a regular character.<ref name="screenonline: Red Dwarf"/>

	In Series VI, a [[story arc]] is introduced where ''Red Dwarf'' has been stolen, and the crew pursue it in the smaller ''Starbug'' craft, with the side effect that the character Holly disappears.<ref name="Series VI review at Sci-Fi Weekly">{{cite web \|url=http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw1823.html \|title=Red Dwarf Series VI DVD \|date=28 March 2005 \|website=Sci-Fi Weekly \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304092932/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw1823.html \|archive-date=4 March 2009}}</ref>		In Series VI, a [[story arc]] is introduced where ''Red Dwarf'' has been stolen, and the crew pursue it in the smaller ''Starbug'' craft, with the side effect that the character Holly disappears.<ref name="Series VI review at Sci-Fi Weekly">{{cite web \|url=http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw1823.html \|title=Red Dwarf Series VI DVD \|date=28 March 2005 \|website=Sci-Fi Weekly \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304092932/http://www.scifi.com/sfw/screen/sfw1823.html \|archive-date=4 March 2009}}</ref>

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	Episodes of ''Dave Hollins'' can be found on the 2-disc ''Red Dwarf'' DVD sets starting with series V and ending with series VIII.		Episodes of ''Dave Hollins'' can be found on the 2-disc ''Red Dwarf'' DVD sets starting with series V and ending with series VIII.

	~~==See also==~~
	* [[British sitcom]]
	* [[List of science fiction sitcoms]]

	==References==		==References==