Monty Python's The Meaning of Life - Revision history

Kurt at 13:46, 18 January 2023

2023-01-18T13:46:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:46, 18 January 2023
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	{{Short description\|1983 film by British comedy group Monty Python}}		{{Short description\|1983 film by British comedy group Monty Python}}
	~~{{Use British English\|date=November 2015}}~~
	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2022}}~~
	{{Infobox film		{{Infobox film
	\| name = Monty Python's<br />The Meaning of Life		\| name = Monty Python's<br />The Meaning of Life
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	==Home media==		==Home media==
	A two-disc [[DVD]] release in 2003 features a documentary on production and a [[director's cut]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Murray \|first=Noel \|title=Monty Python's The Meaning Of Life (Special Edition DVD) \|url=https://www.avclub.com/review/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-special-edition--11786 \|work=[[The A.V. Club]] \|access-date=22 July 2017 \|date=22 September 2003}}</ref> which adds deleted scenes into the film, making it 116 minutes. The first is ''The Adventures of Martin Luther'',<ref>{{cite web\|title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life: 2-Disc Collector's Edition		A two-disc [[DVD]] release in 2003 features a documentary on production and a [[director's cut]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Murray \|first=Noel \|title=Monty Python's The Meaning Of Life (Special Edition DVD) \|url=https://www.avclub.com/review/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-special-edition--11786 \|work=[[The A.V. Club]] \|access-date=22 July 2017 \|date=22 September 2003}}</ref> which adds deleted scenes into the film, making it 116 minutes. The first is ''The Adventures of Martin Luther'',<ref>{{cite web\|title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life: 2-Disc Collector's Edition
	\|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/7480/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-2-disc-collectors-edition/ \|work=[[DVD Talk]] \|access-date=22 July 2017 \|date=2 September 2003}}</ref> inserted after the scene with the Protestant couple talking about condoms. The second is a promotional video about the British army, which comes between the marching around the square scene and the Zulu army scene. The third and last is an extension of the American characters performed by Idle and Palin; they are shown their room and talk about [[tampon]]s. In [[DVD region code#1\|Region 1]], it was released on [[Blu-ray]] to mark its 30th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Heilbron \|first=Alexandra \|title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life 30th Anniversary Blu-ray		\|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/7480/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-2-disc-collectors-edition/ \|work=[[DVD Talk]] \|access-date=22 July 2017 \|date=2 September 2003}}</ref> inserted after the scene with the Protestant couple talking about condoms. The second is a promotional video about the British army, which comes between the marching around the square scene and the Zulu army scene. The third and last is an extension of the American characters performed by Idle and Palin; they are shown their room and talk about [[tampon]]s. In [[w:DVD region code#1\|Region 1]], it was released on [[w:Blu-ray\|Blu-ray]] to mark its 30th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Heilbron \|first=Alexandra \|title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life 30th Anniversary Blu-ray
	\|url=https://www.tribute.ca/news/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-30th-anniversary-blu-ray/2013/10/08/ \|work=[[Tribute (magazine)\|Tribute]] \|access-date=22 July 2017 \|date=8 October 2013}}</ref>		\|url=https://www.tribute.ca/news/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-30th-anniversary-blu-ray/2013/10/08/ \|work=[[w:Tribute (magazine)\|Tribute]] \|access-date=22 July 2017 \|date=8 October 2013}}</ref>
	In May 2020, it was released on [[Netflix]] in the United Kingdom.		In May 2020, it was released on [[w:Netflix\|Netflix]] in the United Kingdom.

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist\|refs=		{{Reflist\|refs=
	<ref name="guard2013">{{cite web\| title= How we made Monty Python's The Meaning of Life \|url= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/sep/30/monty-python-meaning-of-life \| date=30 September 2013\| newspaper = [[The Guardian]] \| first=Chris\| last= Michael \|access-date= 1 October 2013}}</ref>		<ref name="guard2013">{{cite web\| title= How we made Monty Python's The Meaning of Life \|url= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/sep/30/monty-python-meaning-of-life \| date=30 September 2013\| newspaper = [[w:The Guardian\|The Guardian]] \| first=Chris\| last= Michael \|access-date= 1 October 2013}}</ref>
	}}		}}

	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{wikiquote}}~~
	* {{IMDb title\|0085959\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}		* {{IMDb title\|0085959\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}
	* {{TCMDb title\|83923\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}		* {{TCMDb title\|83923\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}
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	* {{rotten-tomatoes\|monty_pythons_the_meaning_of_life\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}		* {{rotten-tomatoes\|monty_pythons_the_meaning_of_life\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}

	{{Monty Python}}		{{Monty Python\|state=collapsed}}
	{{Terry Jones}}		{{Terry Jones\|state=collapsed}}
	{{Graham Chapman}}		{{Graham Chapman\|state=collapsed}}
	~~{{Cannes Film Festival Grand Prix}}~~
	~~{{Authority control~~}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Monty Python's The Meaning Of Life}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Monty Python's The Meaning Of Life}}

Kurt at 21:06, 16 September 2022

2022-09-16T21:06:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:06, 16 September 2022
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	{{Short description\|1983 film by British comedy group Monty Python}}		{{Short description\|1983 film by British comedy group Monty Python}}
	{{About\|the film\|the soundtrack of the same name\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (album)\|the book\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (book)\|the video game\|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (video game)}}
	{{Use British English\|date=November 2015}}		{{Use British English\|date=November 2015}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2022}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2022}}
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	\| writer = {{Plainlist\|		\| writer = {{Plainlist\|
	* [[Graham Chapman]]		* [[Graham Chapman]]
	* [[John Cleese]]		* [[w:John Cleese\|John Cleese]]
	* [[Eric Idle]]		* [[w:Eric Idle\|Eric Idle]]
	* [[Terry Gilliam]]		* [[w:Terry Gilliam\|Terry Gilliam]]
	* Terry Jones		* Terry Jones
	* [[Michael Palin]]		* [[w:Michael Palin\|Michael Palin]]
	}}		}}
	\| starring = <!--DO ''not'' CHANGE. PER BILLING BLOCK-->{{Plainlist\|		\| starring = <!--DO ''not'' CHANGE. PER BILLING BLOCK-->{{Plainlist\|
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	* Michael Palin		* Michael Palin
	}}		}}
	\| music = [[John Du Prez]]		\| music = [[w:John Du Prez\|John Du Prez]]
	\| cinematography = [[Peter Hannan (cinematographer)\|Peter Hannan]]		\| cinematography = [w:[Peter Hannan (cinematographer)\|Peter Hannan]]
	\| editing = [[Julian Doyle (filmmaker)\|Julian Doyle]]		\| editing = [[w:Julian Doyle (filmmaker)\|Julian Doyle]]
	\| production_companies = {{Plainlist\|		\| production_companies = {{Plainlist\|
	* Celandine Films		* Celandine Films
	* [[Python (Monty) Pictures\|The Monty Python Partnership]]		* [[w:Python (Monty) Pictures\|The Monty Python Partnership]]
	}}		}}
	\| distributor = [[Universal Pictures]]		\| distributor = [[w:Universal Pictures\|Universal Pictures]]
	\| released = {{Film date\|df=y\|1983\|03\|31\|United States\|1983\|06\|23\|United Kingdom}}		\| released = {{Film date\|df=y\|1983\|03\|31\|United States\|1983\|06\|23\|United Kingdom}}
	\| runtime = 90 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 90:12--><ref name="BBFC">{{cite web\|title=''MONTY PYTHON'S THE MEANING OF LIFE'' (18)\|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/monty-pythons-meaning-life-1970-4\|work=[[United International Pictures]]\|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]\|date=26 April 1983\|access-date=21 July 2013}}</ref>		\| runtime = 90 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 90:12--><ref name="BBFC">{{cite web\|title=''MONTY PYTHON'S THE MEANING OF LIFE'' (18)\|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/monty-pythons-meaning-life-1970-4\|work=[[United International Pictures]]\|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]\|date=26 April 1983\|access-date=21 July 2013}}</ref>
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	\| gross = $42.7 million		\| gross = $42.7 million
	}}		}}
	'''''Monty Python's The Meaning of Life''''', also known simply as '''''The Meaning of Life''''', is a 1983 British [[Musical film\|musical]] [[sketch comedy]] film written and performed by the [[Monty Python]] troupe, directed by [[Terry Jones]]. ''The Meaning of Life'' was the last feature film to star all six Python members before the death of [[Graham Chapman]] in 1989.		'''''Monty Python's The Meaning of Life''''', also known simply as '''''The Meaning of Life''''', is a 1983 British [[w:Musical film\|musical]] [[w:sketch comedy\|sketch comedy]] film written and performed by the [[Monty Python]] troupe, directed by [[Terry Jones]]. ''The Meaning of Life'' was the last feature film to star all six Python members before the death of [[Graham Chapman]] in 1989.

	Unlike ''[[Monty Python and the Holy Grail\|Holy Grail]]'' and ''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian\|Life of Brian]]'', the film's two predecessors, which each told a single, more-or-less coherent story,<ref name="guard2013"/> ''The Meaning of Life'' returned to the sketch format of the troupe's [[Monty Python's Flying Circus\|original television series]] and their first film from twelve years earlier, ''[[And Now for Something Completely Different]]'', loosely structured as a series of comic sketches about the various stages of life. It was accompanied by the [[short film]] ''[[The Crimson Permanent Assurance]]''.		Unlike ''[[Monty Python and the Holy Grail\|Holy Grail]]'' and ''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian\|Life of Brian]]'', the film's two predecessors, which each told a single, more-or-less coherent story,<ref name="guard2013"/> ''The Meaning of Life'' returned to the sketch format of the troupe's [[Monty Python's Flying Circus\|original television series]] and their first film from twelve years earlier, ''[[And Now for Something Completely Different]]'', loosely structured as a series of comic sketches about the various stages of life. It was accompanied by the [[w:short film\|short film]] ''[[The Crimson Permanent Assurance]]''.

	Released on 23 June 1983 in the United Kingdom,<ref>McCall, Douglas (12 November 2013). Monty Python: A Chronology, 1969-2012, 2d ed. p97. McFarland. {{ISBN\|9780786478118}}.</ref> ''The Meaning of Life'' was not as acclaimed as its predecessors, but was still well received critically and was a minor box office success; the film grossed almost $43 million against a $9 million budget. It was screened at the [[1983 Cannes Film Festival]], where it won the [[Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)\|Grand Prix]]. The film appears in a 2010 list of the top 20 [[cult film]]s published by ''The Boston Globe''.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.boston.com/ae/movies/gallery/top_cult_films?pg=2 \|title=Top 20 cult films, according to our readers \|author=Boston.com Staff \|publisher=The Boston Globe \|work=boston.com \|access-date=1 February 2016 \|date=27 December 2010}}</ref>		Released on 23 June 1983 in the United Kingdom,<ref>McCall, Douglas (12 November 2013). Monty Python: A Chronology, 1969-2012, 2d ed. p97. McFarland. {{ISBN\|9780786478118}}.</ref> ''The Meaning of Life'' was not as acclaimed as its predecessors, but was still well received critically and was a minor box office success; the film grossed almost $43 million against a $9 million budget. It was screened at the [[w:1983 Cannes Film Festival\|1983 Cannes Film Festival]], where it won the [[w:Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)\|Grand Prix]]. The film appears in a 2010 list of the top 20 [[w:cult film\|cult film]]s published by ''The Boston Globe''.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.boston.com/ae/movies/gallery/top_cult_films?pg=2 \|title=Top 20 cult films, according to our readers \|author=Boston.com Staff \|publisher=The Boston Globe \|work=boston.com \|access-date=1 February 2016 \|date=27 December 2010}}</ref>

	==Plot==		==Plot==
	Six male fish in a posh restaurant's [[fish tank\|tank]] swim together casually and say good morning to each other, then see their friend Howard being eaten outside. This leads them to question the [[meaning of life]]. The question is explored in the first sketch, "The Miracle of Birth", which features a woman in labour being ignored by the doctors in favour of impressing the hospital's medically-clueless administrator. In [[Yorkshire]], a [[Catholic Church in the United Kingdom\|Roman Catholic]] man loses his job and informs his numerous children that he must sell them off for scientific experiments due to the Catholic church's [[Christian views on contraception\|opposition to contraception]] ("[[Every Sperm Is Sacred]]"). A [[Protestantism in the United Kingdom\|Protestant]] man looks on disapprovingly, and proudly remarks that Protestants can use contraception and have sex for pleasure (though his wife points out that they never do).		Six male fish in a posh restaurant's [[w:fish tank\|tank]] swim together casually and say good morning to each other, then see their friend Howard being eaten outside. This leads them to question the [[w:meaning of life\|meaning of life]]. The question is explored in the first sketch, "The Miracle of Birth", which features a woman in labour being ignored by the doctors in favour of impressing the hospital's medically-clueless administrator. In [[w:Yorkshire\|Yorkshire]], a [[w:Catholic Church in the United Kingdom\|Roman Catholic]] man loses his job and informs his numerous children that he must sell them off for scientific experiments due to the Catholic church's [[w:Christian views on contraception\|opposition to contraception]] ("[[Every Sperm Is Sacred]]"). A [[w:Protestantism in the United Kingdom\|Protestant]] man looks on disapprovingly, and proudly remarks that Protestants can use contraception and have sex for pleasure (though his wife points out that they never do).

	In "Growth and Learning", a class of boys learn school etiquette before partaking in a [[sex education]] lesson, which involves watching their teacher have sex with his wife. One boy laughs and is forced into a violent [[rugby football\|rugby]] match pitting pupils against the school masters as punishment. "Fighting Each Other" focuses on three scenes concerning the British military: first, a [[World War I]] officer tries to rally his men during an attack, but they instead present him with various going-away gifts; second, a modern army [[Regimental sergeant major\|RSM]] bullies his platoon to say what they'd rather be doing than drill practice, then dismisses each soldier in turn. Lastly, in 1879, during the [[Battle of Isandlwana]] in the [[Anglo-Zulu War]], a soldier finds his leg has been bitten off. Suspecting a [[tiger]], the soldiers hunt for it and find two men suspiciously wearing two halves of a tiger costume.		In "Growth and Learning", a class of boys learn school etiquette before partaking in a [[w:sex education\|sex education]] lesson, which involves watching their teacher have sex with his wife. One boy laughs and is forced into a violent [[w:rugby football\|rugby]] match pitting pupils against the school masters as punishment. "Fighting Each Other" focuses on three scenes concerning the British military: first, a [[w:World War I\|World War I]] officer tries to rally his men during an attack, but they instead present him with various going-away gifts; second, a modern army [[w:Regimental sergeant major\|RSM]] bullies his platoon to say what they'd rather be doing than drill practice, then dismisses each soldier in turn. Lastly, in 1879, during the [[w:Battle of Isandlwana\|Battle of Isandlwana]] in the [[w:Anglo-Zulu War\|Anglo-Zulu War]], a soldier finds his leg has been bitten off. Suspecting a [[w:tiger\|tiger]], the soldiers hunt for it and find two men suspiciously wearing two halves of a tiger costume.

	The prior sequences end abruptly with a host introducing "The Middle of the Film". In a segment called "Find the Fish", bizarre characters ask the audience to find a hidden fish. "Middle Age" involves an American couple visiting a [[Cuisine of Hawaii\|Hawaiian]] restaurant with a [[Medieval]] [[torture]] theme, where, to the interest of the fish, the waiter offers a conversation about philosophy and the meaning of life. The customers are unable to make sense of it and move on to a discussion of "live organ transplants". In "Live Organ Transplants", two [[paramedic]]s visit a card-carrying [[organ donor]] and remove his [[liver]] while he is still alive. His wife is initially reluctant to donate her own liver while alive, but she relents after a man steps out of a fridge and reminds her of humanity's insignificance in the universe ("[[Galaxy Song]]"). Executives of an American conglomerate debate the meaning of life before a raid by [[The Crimson Permanent Assurance]] briefly interrupts them.		The prior sequences end abruptly with a host introducing "The Middle of the Film". In a segment called "Find the Fish", bizarre characters ask the audience to find a hidden fish. "Middle Age" involves an American couple visiting a [[w:Cuisine of Hawaii\|Hawaiian]] restaurant with a [[w:Medieval\|Medieval]] [[w:torture\|torture]] theme, where, to the interest of the fish, the waiter offers a conversation about philosophy and the meaning of life. The customers are unable to make sense of it and move on to a discussion of "live organ transplants". In "Live Organ Transplants", two [[w:paramedic\|paramedic]]s visit a card-carrying [[w:organ donor\|organ donor]] and remove his [[w:liver\|liver]] while he is still alive. His wife is initially reluctant to donate her own liver while alive, but she relents after a man steps out of a fridge and reminds her of humanity's insignificance in the universe ("[[Galaxy Song]]"). Executives of an American conglomerate debate the meaning of life before a raid by [[The Crimson Permanent Assurance]] briefly interrupts them.

	"The Autumn Years" starts off with a musician in a French restaurant singing about the joys of having a [[penis]]. When the song is finished, everyone applauds the musician, but the applause is interrupted when the horrible, gluttonous and grotesquely obese customer [[Mr. Creosote]] visits the restaurant, much to the horror of everyone including the fishes. He vomits continuously and devours an enormous meal. After the [[maître d'hôtel]] persuades him to eat an after-dinner mint, Creosote's gut explodes until his death, splattering the other diners. Two staff members clean up and sanitize the whole restaurant while arguing and discussing about the meaning of life in "The Meaning Of Life". A third waiter leads the audience to the house where he was born, spouts some weak philosophy, and then angrily dismisses them after his point trails off.		"The Autumn Years" starts off with a musician in a French restaurant singing about the joys of having a [[w:penis\|penis]]. When the song is finished, everyone applauds the musician, but the applause is interrupted when the horrible, gluttonous and grotesquely obese customer [[w:Mr. Creosote\|Mr. Creosote]] visits the restaurant, much to the horror of everyone including the fishes. He vomits continuously and devours an enormous meal. After the [[w:maître d'hôtel\|maître d'hôtel]] persuades him to eat an after-dinner mint, Creosote's gut explodes until his death, splattering the other diners. Two staff members clean up and sanitize the whole restaurant while arguing and discussing about the meaning of life in "The Meaning Of Life". A third waiter leads the audience to the house where he was born, spouts some weak philosophy, and then angrily dismisses them after his point trails off.

	"Death" features a condemned man choosing the manner of his own execution: being chased off the [[Cliffs of Dover]] by topless women in sports gear and falling into his own grave below. In a short animated sequence, several despondent leaves commit suicide by throwing themselves from the branches of their tree. The [[Grim Reaper]] enters an isolated country house and convinces the hosts and dinner guests, with difficulty, that they are all dead. They accompany the Grim Reaper to [[Heaven]], revealed to be the Hawaiian restaurant from earlier. They enter a [[Las Vegas]]-style hotel where it's always [[Christmas]] and meet the characters from the previous sketches ("Christmas in Heaven").		"Death" features a condemned man choosing the manner of his own execution: being chased off the [[w:Cliffs of Dover\|Cliffs of Dover]] by topless women in sports gear and falling into his own grave below. In a short animated sequence, several despondent leaves commit suicide by throwing themselves from the branches of their tree. The [[w:Grim Reaper\|Grim Reaper]] enters an isolated country house and convinces the hosts and dinner guests, with difficulty, that they are all dead. They accompany the Grim Reaper to [[w:Heaven\|Heaven]], revealed to be the Hawaiian restaurant from earlier. They enter a [[w:Las Vegas\|Las Vegas]]-style hotel where it's always [[w:Christmas\|Christmas]] and meet the characters from the previous sketches ("Christmas in Heaven").

	The song is cut off abruptly for "The End of the Film". The host from "The Middle of the Film" opens an envelope and blandly reveals the meaning of life: "Try and be nice to people, avoid eating fat, read a good book every now and then, get some walking in, and try and live together in peace and harmony with people of all creeds and nations".		The song is cut off abruptly for "The End of the Film". The host from "The Middle of the Film" opens an envelope and blandly reveals the meaning of life: "Try and be nice to people, avoid eating fat, read a good book every now and then, get some walking in, and try and live together in peace and harmony with people of all creeds and nations".

Kurt: 1 revision imported

2022-08-14T23:44:43Z

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en>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Personifications of death in fiction to :Category:Fiction about personifications of death per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2022 July 3#Category:Death in fiction

2022-08-04T07:15:47Z

Moving Category:Personifications of death in fiction to Category:Fiction about personifications of death per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2022 July 3#Category:Death in fiction

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{{Short description|1983 film by British comedy group Monty Python}}
{{About|the film|the soundtrack of the same name|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (album)|the book|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (book)|the video game|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (video game)}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Monty Python's<br />The Meaning of Life
| image = Meaningoflife.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Terry Jones]]
| producer = John Goldstone
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Graham Chapman]]
* [[John Cleese]]
* [[Eric Idle]]
* [[Terry Gilliam]]
* Terry Jones
* [[Michael Palin]]
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Graham Chapman
* John Cleese
* Terry Gilliam
* Eric Idle
* Terry Jones
* Michael Palin
}}
| music = [[John Du Prez]]
| cinematography = [[Peter Hannan (cinematographer)|Peter Hannan]]
| editing = [[Julian Doyle (filmmaker)|Julian Doyle]]
| production_companies = {{Plainlist|
* Celandine Films
* [[Python (Monty) Pictures|The Monty Python Partnership]]
}}
| distributor = [[Universal Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1983|03|31|United States|1983|06|23|United Kingdom}}
| runtime = 90 minutes<ref name="BBFC">{{cite web|title=''MONTY PYTHON'S THE MEANING OF LIFE'' (18)|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/monty-pythons-meaning-life-1970-4|work=[[United International Pictures]]|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=26 April 1983|access-date=21 July 2013}}</ref>
| country = United Kingdom<ref>{{cite news |title=Monty Python's the Meaning of Life (1983) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6e742e39 |access-date=26 July 2021 |agency=BFI}}</ref>
| language = English
| budget = $9 million<ref name="guard2013"/>
| gross = $42.7 million
}}
'''''Monty Python's The Meaning of Life''''', also known simply as '''''The Meaning of Life''''', is a 1983 British [[Musical film|musical]] [[sketch comedy]] film written and performed by the [[Monty Python]] troupe, directed by [[Terry Jones]]. ''The Meaning of Life'' was the last feature film to star all six Python members before the death of [[Graham Chapman]] in 1989.

Unlike ''[[Monty Python and the Holy Grail|Holy Grail]]'' and ''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian|Life of Brian]]'', the film's two predecessors, which each told a single, more-or-less coherent story,<ref name="guard2013"/> ''The Meaning of Life'' returned to the sketch format of the troupe's [[Monty Python's Flying Circus|original television series]] and their first film from twelve years earlier, ''[[And Now for Something Completely Different]]'', loosely structured as a series of comic sketches about the various stages of life. It was accompanied by the [[short film]] ''[[The Crimson Permanent Assurance]]''.

Released on 23 June 1983 in the United Kingdom,<ref>McCall, Douglas (12 November 2013). Monty Python: A Chronology, 1969-2012, 2d ed. p97. McFarland. {{ISBN|9780786478118}}.</ref> ''The Meaning of Life'' was not as acclaimed as its predecessors, but was still well received critically and was a minor box office success; the film grossed almost $43 million against a $9 million budget. It was screened at the [[1983 Cannes Film Festival]], where it won the [[Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)|Grand Prix]]. The film appears in a 2010 list of the top 20 [[cult film]]s published by ''The Boston Globe''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/ae/movies/gallery/top_cult_films?pg=2 |title=Top 20 cult films, according to our readers |author=Boston.com Staff |publisher=The Boston Globe |work=boston.com |access-date=1 February 2016 |date=27 December 2010}}</ref>

==Plot==
Six male fish in a posh restaurant's [[fish tank|tank]] swim together casually and say good morning to each other, then see their friend Howard being eaten outside. This leads them to question the [[meaning of life]]. The question is explored in the first sketch, "The Miracle of Birth", which features a woman in labour being ignored by the doctors in favour of impressing the hospital's medically-clueless administrator. In [[Yorkshire]], a [[Catholic Church in the United Kingdom|Roman Catholic]] man loses his job and informs his numerous children that he must sell them off for scientific experiments due to the Catholic church's [[Christian views on contraception|opposition to contraception]] ("[[Every Sperm Is Sacred]]"). A [[Protestantism in the United Kingdom|Protestant]] man looks on disapprovingly, and proudly remarks that Protestants can use contraception and have sex for pleasure (though his wife points out that they never do).

In "Growth and Learning", a class of boys learn school etiquette before partaking in a [[sex education]] lesson, which involves watching their teacher have sex with his wife. One boy laughs and is forced into a violent [[rugby football|rugby]] match pitting pupils against the school masters as punishment. "Fighting Each Other" focuses on three scenes concerning the British military: first, a [[World War I]] officer tries to rally his men during an attack, but they instead present him with various going-away gifts; second, a modern army [[Regimental sergeant major|RSM]] bullies his platoon to say what they'd rather be doing than drill practice, then dismisses each soldier in turn. Lastly, in 1879, during the [[Battle of Isandlwana]] in the [[Anglo-Zulu War]], a soldier finds his leg has been bitten off. Suspecting a [[tiger]], the soldiers hunt for it and find two men suspiciously wearing two halves of a tiger costume.

The prior sequences end abruptly with a host introducing "The Middle of the Film". In a segment called "Find the Fish", bizarre characters ask the audience to find a hidden fish. "Middle Age" involves an American couple visiting a [[Cuisine of Hawaii|Hawaiian]] restaurant with a [[Medieval]] [[torture]] theme, where, to the interest of the fish, the waiter offers a conversation about philosophy and the meaning of life. The customers are unable to make sense of it and move on to a discussion of "live organ transplants". In "Live Organ Transplants", two [[paramedic]]s visit a card-carrying [[organ donor]] and remove his [[liver]] while he is still alive. His wife is initially reluctant to donate her own liver while alive, but she relents after a man steps out of a fridge and reminds her of humanity's insignificance in the universe ("[[Galaxy Song]]"). Executives of an American conglomerate debate the meaning of life before a raid by [[The Crimson Permanent Assurance]] briefly interrupts them.

"The Autumn Years" starts off with a musician in a French restaurant singing about the joys of having a [[penis]]. When the song is finished, everyone applauds the musician, but the applause is interrupted when the horrible, gluttonous and grotesquely obese customer [[Mr. Creosote]] visits the restaurant, much to the horror of everyone including the fishes. He vomits continuously and devours an enormous meal. After the [[maître d'hôtel]] persuades him to eat an after-dinner mint, Creosote's gut explodes until his death, splattering the other diners. Two staff members clean up and sanitize the whole restaurant while arguing and discussing about the meaning of life in "The Meaning Of Life". A third waiter leads the audience to the house where he was born, spouts some weak philosophy, and then angrily dismisses them after his point trails off.

"Death" features a condemned man choosing the manner of his own execution: being chased off the [[Cliffs of Dover]] by topless women in sports gear and falling into his own grave below. In a short animated sequence, several despondent leaves commit suicide by throwing themselves from the branches of their tree. The [[Grim Reaper]] enters an isolated country house and convinces the hosts and dinner guests, with difficulty, that they are all dead. They accompany the Grim Reaper to [[Heaven]], revealed to be the Hawaiian restaurant from earlier. They enter a [[Las Vegas]]-style hotel where it's always [[Christmas]] and meet the characters from the previous sketches ("Christmas in Heaven").

The song is cut off abruptly for "The End of the Film". The host from "The Middle of the Film" opens an envelope and blandly reveals the meaning of life: "Try and be nice to people, avoid eating fat, read a good book every now and then, get some walking in, and try and live together in peace and harmony with people of all creeds and nations".

==Cast==

* [[Graham Chapman]] as Chairman / Fish No. 1 / Doctor / Harry Blackitt / Wymer / Hordern / General / Coles / Narrator No. 2 / [[David Livingstone|Dr Livingstone]] / Transvestite / Eric / Guest No. 1 / Arthur Jarrett / Geoffrey / Tony Bennett-esque singer
* [[John Cleese]] as Fish No. 2 / Dr Spencer / Humphrey Williams / Sturridge / Ainsworth / Waiter / Eric's assistant / Maître D' / Grim Reaper
* [[Terry Gilliam]] as Window Washer / Fish No. 4 / Walters / Middle of the Film announcer / M'Lady Joeline / Mr Brown / Howard Katzenberg
* [[Eric Idle]] as Gunther / Fish No. 3 / 'Meaning of Life' singer / Mr Moore / Mrs Blackitt / Watson / Blackitt / Atkinson / Perkins / Victim #3 / Man in Front / Mrs Hendy / Man in Pink / [[Noël Coward]] / Gaston / Angela
* [[Terry Jones]] as Bert / Fish No. 6 / Mum / Priest / Biggs / Sergeant / Man with Bendy Arms / Mrs. Brown / [[Mr Creosote]] / Maria / Leaf Father / Fiona Portland-Smythe
* [[Michael Palin]] as Window Washer / Harry / Fish No. 5 / Mr Pycroft / Dad / Narrator No. 1 / Chaplain / Carter / Spadger / Regimental Seargeant Major / Pakenham-Walsh / Man in Rear End / Female TV Presenter / Mr Marvin Hendy / Governor / Padre / Leaf Son / Debbie Katzenberg

The main company of Monty Python members, who appeared in multiple roles in nearly every section of the film, was supported by featured cast mates:
* [[Carol Cleveland]]
* [[Simon Jones (actor)|Simon Jones]]
* [[Patricia Quinn (Northern Irish actress)|Patricia Quinn]]
* [[Judy Loe]]
* Andrew Bicknell
* Mark Holmes
* Valerie Whittington
* [[Matt Frewer]]
* [[John Scott Martin]]

Additionally [[Michael Caine]] makes an uncredited appearance as a soldier in a reference to his role in ''[[Zulu (1964 film)|Zulu]]''.

==Production==
According to Palin, "the writing process was quite cumbersome. An awful lot of material didn't get used. ''Holy Grail'' had a structure, a loose one: the search for the grail. Same with ''Life of Brian''. With this, it wasn't so clear. In the end, we just said: 'Well, what the heck. We have got lots of good material, let's give it the loosest structure, which will be the meaning of life'".<ref name="guard2013" />

After the film's title was chosen, [[Douglas Adams]] called Jones to tell him he had just finished a new book, to be called ''[[The Meaning of Liff]]''; Jones was initially concerned about the similarity in titles, which led to the scene in the [[title sequence]] of a tombstone which, when hit by a flash of lightning, changes from "The Meaning of Liff" to "The Meaning of Life".<ref name="guard2013" />

[[File:Cartwright Hall and fountain, Bradford (22nd October 2010).jpg|thumb|right|The grounds of Cartwright Hall in [[Bradford]] ''(pictured)'' was used as a location for the dancing nurses singing "[[Every Sperm Is Sacred]]"]]
Principal photography began on 12 July 1982 and was completed about two months later, on 11 September. A wide variety of locations were used, such as [[Porchester Hall]] in [[Queensway, London|Queensway]] for the Mr Creosote sketch, where hundreds of pounds of fake vomit had to be cleaned up on the last day due to a wedding being scheduled hours later. The Malham Moors were chosen for the Grim Reaper segment; the countryside near [[Strathblane]] was used for the Zulu War; and "Every Sperm Is Sacred" was shot in [[Colne]], [[Lancashire]], with interiors done at [[Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)|Elstree Studios]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Douglas |first1=McCall |title=Monty Python: A Chronology, 1969-2012, 2d ed. |date=2013 |publisher=McFarland |page=958}}</ref>

The film was produced on a budget of less than US$10 million, which was still bigger than that of the earlier films. This allowed for large-scale choreography and crowd sequences, a more lavishly produced soundtrack that included new original songs, and much more time able to be spent on each sketch, especially ''The Crimson Permanent Assurance''. Palin later said that the larger budget, and not making the film for the [[BBC]] (i.e., television), allowed the film to be more daring and dark.<ref name="guard2013" />

The idea for the hospital sketch came from Chapman, himself a doctor,<ref name=split>{{cite web|url=http://splitsider.com/2013/09/dick-cavetts-semi-serious-talk-with-graham-chapman/|title=Dick Cavett's Semi-Serious Talk with Graham Chapman|last=Ess|first=Ramsey|date=20 September 2013|work=Splitsider|publisher=[[The Awl]]|access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> who had noticed that hospitals were changing, with "lots and lots of machinery".<ref name="guard2013" /> According to Palin, the organ transplant scene harked back to Python's love of bureaucracy, and sketches with lots of people coming round from the council with different bits of paper.<ref name="guard2013" />

During the filming of the scene where Palin's character explains Catholicism to his children, his line was "that rubber thing at the end of my ''sock''", which was later overdubbed with ''cock''.<ref name="guard2013" />

===''The Crimson Permanent Assurance''===
{{main|The Crimson Permanent Assurance}}
The [[short film]] ''[[The Crimson Permanent Assurance]]'' introduces the feature. It is about a group of elderly office clerks working in a small [[accounting]] firm. They rebel against [[yuppie]] corporate masters, transform their office building into a [[pirate ship]], and raid a large financial district. One of the boardrooms raided reappears later in the film, from shortly before the attack begins until the narrator apologises and a skyscraper falls and crushes the marauders.

The short was intended as an [[animation|animated]] sequence in the feature,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=I. Q. |last2=Porter |first2=Laraine |year=2012 |title=British Comedy Cinema |page=181 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-66667-1}}</ref> for placement at the end of Part V.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McCabe |first1=Bob|year=1999|title=Dark Knights and Holy Fools: The Art and Films of Terry Gilliam: From Before Python to Beyond Fear and Loathing |page=106|publisher=Universe |isbn=0-7893-0265-9}}</ref> Gilliam convinced the other members of [[Monty Python]] to allow him to produce and direct it as a [[live action]] piece instead.

==Release==
The original [[tagline]] read "It took God six days to create the Heavens and the Earth, and Monty Python just 90 minutes to screw it up"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Birkinshaw |first1=Julian |last2=Ridderstråle |first2=Jonas |year=2017 |chapter=Linking Strategy Back to Purpose |title=Fast/Forward: Make Your Company Fit for the Future |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1503602311}}</ref> (the length of ''The Meaning of Life'' proper is 90 minutes, but becomes 107 minutes as released with the "Short Subject Presentation", ''The Crimson Permanent Assurance''). In an April 2012 re-release held by the [[American Film Institute]], the tagline is altered to read "It took God six days to create the Heavens and the Earth, and Monty Python just 1 hour and 48 minutes to screw it up".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/silver/films/2012/v9i2/montypython.aspx |title=Monty Python at the Movies |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=22 July 2017}}</ref>

Ireland banned the film on its original release as it had previously done with ''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian]]'', but later rated it [[Irish Film Censor's Office|15]] when it was released on video. In the United Kingdom the film was rated [[18 (British Board of Film Classification)|18]] when released in the cinema<ref name="BBFC"/> and on its first release on video, but was re-rated [[British Board of Film Classification|15]] in 2000. In the United States the film is [[Motion Picture Association of America film rating system#Ratings|rated R]].<ref name="Canby"/>

==Reception==
===Box office===
The film opened in the United States on 31 March 1983. At 257 cinemas it ranked number six at the US box office, grossing US$1,987,853 ($7,734 per screen) in its opening weekend. It played at 554 cinemas at its widest point, and its total gross in the United States and Canada was $14,929,552.<ref name="mojo">{{cite web | url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=montypythonsmeaningoflife.htm | title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] | publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]] | access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref> Internationally it grossed $27.8 million for a worldwide total of $42.7 million.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=11 September 1995|page=92|title=UIP's $25M-Plus Club}}</ref>

===Critical reception===

[[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' gave the film two and a half stars out of four, calling it a "a barbed, uncompromising attack on generally observed community standards".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ebert|first1=Roger|title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life Movie Review (1983)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/monty-pythons-meaning-of-life-1983|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|access-date=22 February 2016|date=1 April 1983}}</ref> In ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Vincent Canby]] declared it "the ''[[Ben Hur (1959 film)|Ben Hur]]'' of sketch films, which is to say that it's a tiny bit out of proportion", concluding it was amusing, but he wished it were consistently amusing.<ref name="Canby">{{cite web|last=Canby |first=Vincent |title=MONTY PYTHON, 'THE MEANING OF LIFE' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F03E4D7123BF932A05750C0A965948260 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=20 July 2017 |date=31 March 1983}}</ref> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' staff assessed it as disgusting, ridiculous, tactless, but above all, amusing.<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff |title=Review: Monty Python's The Meaning of Life |url=https://variety.com/1982/film/reviews/monty-python-s-the-meaning-of-life-1200425486/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=20 July 2017 |date=31 December 1982}}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' awarded 3 stars out of 4, calling it "fresh and original and delightfully offensive. What more can you ask of a comedy?"<ref>[[Gene Siskel|Siskel, Gene]] (1 April 1983). "Python 'Meaning of Life' tingles with high-voltage shocks". ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. Section 3, p. 1.</ref> Sheila Benson of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that the film was full of "raunchy talk, blasphemy (well, sacrilege) and one example of what kids call a totally ''gnarly,'' gross-out scene. The problem for the reviewer (to be specific, this reviewer) is when you are laughing this much it makes logging all the fast-flying offenses almost impossible."<ref>Benson, Sheila (31 March 1983). "Python's 'Life' Raunchy But Funny". ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Calendar, p. 1.</ref> Gary Arnold of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' was negative, writing that "The strongest impressions left by this picture have less to do with its largely tedious attempts to burlesque human weakness and pomposity than with the group's failure to evolve a coherent satiric outlook."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Gary |date=4 April 1983 |title='Life' Without Meaning |journal=[[The Washington Post]] |page=B1, B2 }}</ref> A review by Steve Jenkins in ''[[The Monthly Film Bulletin]]'' was also negative, writing that the return to a sketch format constituted a "great leap backwards" for the troupe and that the film's outrageous moments "cannot disguise the overall air of ''déjà vu'' and playing it safe."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Jenkins |first=Steve |date=June 1983 |title=Monty Python's Meaning of Life |journal=[[The Monthly Film Bulletin]] |volume=50 |issue=593 |page=163 }}</ref>

In 2004, acclaimed director [[Quentin Tarantino]] once stated "The only time I've ever had to look away, because I couldn't bear to watch, was The Meaning Of Life, when that fat b***ard keeps being sick.
"I felt really nauseous - it was just too much. I was looking around and I thought, 'If anyone here is sick and I have to smell vomit, I'm going to hurl'."I just about held onto my lunch in the end, but I still can't think about that scene without retching."<ref>{{cite web|title= Tarantino shocked by Python scene|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30145079.html |work=[[Irish Examiner]] |access-date=16 November 2021 |date=29 April 2004}}</ref>

In 2007, ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]''{{'}}s Ian Nathan rated it three of five stars, describing it as "too piecemeal and unfocused, but it possesses some of their most iconic musings and inspired madness".<ref>{{cite web|last=Nathan |first=Ian |title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life Review |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/monty-pythons-meaning-life/review/ |work=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=20 July 2017 |date=1 March 2007}}</ref> In 2014, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' gave the film four stars out of five.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chilton|first1=Martin|title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, review|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/10765951/Monty-Pythons-The-Meaning-of-Life-review.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=22 February 2016|date=20 April 2014}}</ref> In his ''2015 Movie Guide'', [[Leonard Maltin]] awarded it three stars, calling it "A barrel of bellylaughs", identifying the [[Mr. Creosote]] and "[[Every Sperm Is Sacred]]" sketches as the most memorable.<ref>{{cite book |last=Maltin |first=Leonard |year=2014 |title=Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0698183612}}</ref> ''[[Family Guy]]'' creator [[Seth MacFarlane]] states: “I view Monty Python as the great originator of that combination [provocative humour and high-quality original music]. ''The Meaning of Life'' in particular comes to mind, and my favorite example is "Every Sperm Is Sacred." It's so beautifully written, it's musically and lyrically legit, the orchestrations are fantastic, the choreography and the presentation are very, very complex – it's treated seriously."<ref>{{cite news |title=8 TV Shows and Comedy Stars Inspired by Monty Python |url=http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2019/09/8-tv-shows-and-comedy-stars-inspired-by-monty-python |access-date=30 September 2019 |agency=BBC America}}</ref> The [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gives the film a rating of 86% based on 34 reviews, with an [[Weighted mean|average rating]] of 7.30/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Monty Python's the Meaning of Life is rude, ribald, and unafraid to take comedic risks -- which is to say it should more than satisfy fans of the titular troupe."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/monty_pythons_the_meaning_of_life/ | title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life | work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | publisher=[[Flixster]] | access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>

===Accolades===
''The Meaning of Life'' was awarded the [[Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)|Grand Jury Prize]] at the [[1983 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/1432/year/1983.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Monty Python's The Meaning of Life |access-date=16 June 2009|work=festival-cannes.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121185217/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/1432/year/1983.html |archive-date=21 January 2012 }}</ref> While the Cannes jury, led by [[William Styron]], were fiercely split on their opinions on several films in competition, ''The Meaning of Life'' had general support, securing it the second-highest honour after the [[Palme d'Or]] for ''[[The Ballad of Narayama (1983 film)|The Ballad of Narayama]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dionne |first1=E.J. Jr. |title=JAPANESE FILM AWARDED TOP PRIZE AT CANNES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/20/movies/japanese-film-awarded-top-prize-at-cannes.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=20 May 1983 |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref>

At the [[37th British Academy Film Awards]], Andre Jacquemin, Dave Howman, Michael Palin and Terry Jones were also nominated for Original Song for "[[Every Sperm is Sacred]]." The award went to "[[Up Where We Belong]]" in ''[[An Officer and a Gentleman]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Original Song Written for a Film in 1984 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1984/film/original-song-written-for-a-film |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref>

==Home media==
A two-disc [[DVD]] release in 2003 features a documentary on production and a [[director's cut]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Murray |first=Noel |title=Monty Python's The Meaning Of Life (Special Edition DVD) |url=https://www.avclub.com/review/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-special-edition--11786 |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date=22 July 2017 |date=22 September 2003}}</ref> which adds deleted scenes into the film, making it 116 minutes. The first is ''The Adventures of Martin Luther'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life: 2-Disc Collector's Edition
|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/7480/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-2-disc-collectors-edition/ |work=[[DVD Talk]] |access-date=22 July 2017 |date=2 September 2003}}</ref> inserted after the scene with the Protestant couple talking about condoms. The second is a promotional video about the British army, which comes between the marching around the square scene and the Zulu army scene. The third and last is an extension of the American characters performed by Idle and Palin; they are shown their room and talk about [[tampon]]s. In [[DVD region code#1|Region 1]], it was released on [[Blu-ray]] to mark its 30th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web|last=Heilbron |first=Alexandra |title=Monty Python's The Meaning of Life 30th Anniversary Blu-ray
|url=https://www.tribute.ca/news/monty-pythons-the-meaning-of-life-30th-anniversary-blu-ray/2013/10/08/ |work=[[Tribute (magazine)|Tribute]] |access-date=22 July 2017 |date=8 October 2013}}</ref>
In May 2020, it was released on [[Netflix]] in the United Kingdom.

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="guard2013">{{cite web| title= How we made Monty Python's The Meaning of Life |url= https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/sep/30/monty-python-meaning-of-life | date=30 September 2013| newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | first=Chris| last= Michael |access-date= 1 October 2013}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|0085959|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}
* {{TCMDb title|83923|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}
* {{mojo title|montypythonsmeaningoflife|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|monty_pythons_the_meaning_of_life|Monty Python's The Meaning of Life}}

{{Monty Python}}
{{Terry Jones}}
{{Graham Chapman}}
{{Cannes Film Festival Grand Prix}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monty Python's The Meaning Of Life}}
[[Category:Monty Python films]]
[[Category:Films with atheism-related themes]]
[[Category:1983 films]]
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[[Category:Films critical of the Catholic Church]]
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[[Category:Films directed by Terry Jones]]
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[[Category:Fiction about personifications of death]]
[[Category:Works about meaning of life]]
[[Category:Sketch comedy films]]
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