Max Geldray - Revision history

Kurt at 17:08, 19 February 2023

2023-02-19T17:08:38Z

Kurt: clean up, replaced: BBC → BBC

2023-01-22T00:46:32Z

clean up, replaced: BBC → BBC

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:46, 21 January 2023
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	Geldray was born Max Leon van Gelder, on 12 February 1916 in [[w:Amsterdam\|Amsterdam]], [[w:Netherlands\|Netherlands]] to [[w:Jewish\|Jewish]] parents.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> His father, Leon van Gelder, was a commercial traveller, and his mother was Margarite, née Baillosterky.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> By 1922, Leon was the European Manager for Maja perfume and the family moved out of Amsterdam to [[w:Bilthoven\|Bilthoven]].{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=15}} Both parents could play the piano—Leon was self-taught and played by ear, while Margarite was classically trained—and it was Leon who started to teach Geldray how to play.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=16}} He developed love of [[w:jazz\|jazz]] music after hearing [[w:Louis Armstrong\|Louis Armstrong]] on the radio in 1928; Geldray later wrote "how could anyone ''not'' love its energy, its vitality and the freedom of its form? And Louis Armstrong among all the players, became something special to me".{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=18}}		Geldray was born Max Leon van Gelder, on 12 February 1916 in [[w:Amsterdam\|Amsterdam]], [[w:Netherlands\|Netherlands]] to [[w:Jewish\|Jewish]] parents.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> His father, Leon van Gelder, was a commercial traveller, and his mother was Margarite, née Baillosterky.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> By 1922, Leon was the European Manager for Maja perfume and the family moved out of Amsterdam to [[w:Bilthoven\|Bilthoven]].{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=15}} Both parents could play the piano—Leon was self-taught and played by ear, while Margarite was classically trained—and it was Leon who started to teach Geldray how to play.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=16}} He developed love of [[w:jazz\|jazz]] music after hearing [[w:Louis Armstrong\|Louis Armstrong]] on the radio in 1928; Geldray later wrote "how could anyone ''not'' love its energy, its vitality and the freedom of its form? And Louis Armstrong among all the players, became something special to me".{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=18}}

	In February 1930, Geldray heard a mouth organ player on [[w:BBC Radio\|BBC Radio]] and mentioned the performance to a friend, Hans Mossel, owner of a music shop in Amsterdam; Mossel had ordered a [[w:chromatic harmonica\|chromatic harmonica]] the previous week and gave it to Geldray, who practised assiduously.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|pp=24–25}} By 1934, Geldray had made some appearances on Dutch radio{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=25}} and formed a band with eight others; an agent named Franklin billed the group as "Mac {{sic}} Geldray and his Mouth Accordion Band", changing the surname of the principal to the name he retained for the rest of his life.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=28}} With his performances, Geldray became the first person to play the harmonica in the jazz style.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Goons musician Max Geldray dies\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3717500.stm\|publisher=[[~~w:BBC\|~~BBC]]\|date=5 October 2004\|location=London}}</ref> A change in the format of the band to a quartet and the introduction of a new manager led to a six-week tour of English theatres in 1937, accompanying the comedian Tom Moss; the band changed its name to "The Hollander Boys".<ref name="Independent Obit" /> During the tour, Moss introduced Geldray to [[w:Jack Hylton\|Jack Hylton]], who invited him to play in his orchestra for the evening.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=35}}		In February 1930, Geldray heard a mouth organ player on [[w:BBC Radio\|BBC Radio]] and mentioned the performance to a friend, Hans Mossel, owner of a music shop in Amsterdam; Mossel had ordered a [[w:chromatic harmonica\|chromatic harmonica]] the previous week and gave it to Geldray, who practised assiduously.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|pp=24–25}} By 1934, Geldray had made some appearances on Dutch radio{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=25}} and formed a band with eight others; an agent named Franklin billed the group as "Mac {{sic}} Geldray and his Mouth Accordion Band", changing the surname of the principal to the name he retained for the rest of his life.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=28}} With his performances, Geldray became the first person to play the harmonica in the jazz style.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Goons musician Max Geldray dies\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3717500.stm\|publisher=[[BBC]]\|date=5 October 2004\|location=London}}</ref> A change in the format of the band to a quartet and the introduction of a new manager led to a six-week tour of English theatres in 1937, accompanying the comedian Tom Moss; the band changed its name to "The Hollander Boys".<ref name="Independent Obit" /> During the tour, Moss introduced Geldray to [[w:Jack Hylton\|Jack Hylton]], who invited him to play in his orchestra for the evening.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=35}}

	[[File:Django Reinhardt (Gottlieb 07301).jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|[[w:Django Reinhardt\|Django Reinhardt]], friend and playing companion of Geldray]]		[[File:Django Reinhardt (Gottlieb 07301).jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|[[w:Django Reinhardt\|Django Reinhardt]], friend and playing companion of Geldray]]
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	==BBC years (1947–61)==		==BBC years (1947–61)==

	[[File:Ray and Max.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Ray Ellington and Max Geldray in between takes.\|[[Ray Ellington]] (left), [[Max Geldray]] (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]		[[File:Ray and Max.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Ray Ellington and Max Geldray in between takes.\|[[Ray Ellington]] (left), Max Geldray (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]

	Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />		Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />

Kurt: /* External links */

2022-12-27T13:39:07Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:39, 27 December 2022
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	* {{BFI\|4ce2ba83d6e07\|name=Max Geldray}}		* {{BFI\|4ce2ba83d6e07\|name=Max Geldray}}
	* {{IMDb name}}		* {{IMDb name}}

	~~{{Authority control}}~~

	~~{{good article}}~~

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Geldray, Max}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Geldray, Max}}

Kurt: /* BBC years (1947–61) */

2022-10-05T19:06:07Z

BBC years (1947–61)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 5 October 2022
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	Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />		Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />

	In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[ITV (network)\|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[W:George Martin\|George Martin]] and released on the [[W:Parlophone\|Parlophone]] label.{{sfn\|Larkin\|1998\|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn\|Webber\|2005\|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />		In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[w:ITV (network)\|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[W:George Martin\|George Martin]] and released on the [[W:Parlophone\|Parlophone]] label.{{sfn\|Larkin\|1998\|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn\|Webber\|2005\|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />

	''The Goon Show'' finished its ten-series run on 28 January 1960.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} In 1961, with his six-year relationship with Barbara at an end, Geldray worked as an entertainer on four trips on the [[W:RMS Queen Elizabeth\|RMS ''Queen Elizabeth'']].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> On visiting Los Angeles he was impressed by the city and decided to emigrate to the US.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />		''The Goon Show'' finished its ten-series run on 28 January 1960.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} In 1961, with his six-year relationship with Barbara at an end, Geldray worked as an entertainer on four trips on the [[W:RMS Queen Elizabeth\|RMS ''Queen Elizabeth'']].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> On visiting Los Angeles he was impressed by the city and decided to emigrate to the US.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />

Kurt: /* BBC years (1947–61) */

2022-10-05T19:05:42Z

BBC years (1947–61)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 5 October 2022
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	[[File:Ray and Max.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Ray Ellington and Max Geldray in between takes.\|[[Ray Ellington]] (left), [[Max Geldray]] (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]		[[File:Ray and Max.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Ray Ellington and Max Geldray in between takes.\|[[Ray Ellington]] (left), [[Max Geldray]] (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]

	Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />		Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />

	In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[ITV (network)\|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[W:George Martin\|George Martin]] and released on the [[W:Parlophone\|Parlophone]] label.{{sfn\|Larkin\|1998\|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn\|Webber\|2005\|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />		In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[ITV (network)\|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[W:George Martin\|George Martin]] and released on the [[W:Parlophone\|Parlophone]] label.{{sfn\|Larkin\|1998\|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn\|Webber\|2005\|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />

Kurt at 18:25, 19 September 2022

2022-09-19T18:25:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 19 September 2022
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	After the performance, at the [[W:Koko (venue)\|Camden Theatre]], [[W:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon\|Princess Margaret]] came backstage and asked if she could be introduced to Geldray as she was an admirer of his playing.<ref name="Leigh DNB" />		After the performance, at the [[W:Koko (venue)\|Camden Theatre]], [[W:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon\|Princess Margaret]] came backstage and asked if she could be introduced to Geldray as she was an admirer of his playing.<ref name="Leigh DNB" />

	In 1973, Geldray and his family moved to [[W:Palm Springs, California\|Palm Springs, California]] to look after his ailing stepfather; he also played harmonica in the local Trinidad Bar.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=172}} A local doctor approached him after one set and asked if Geldray would put on a show at his [[W:stroke\|stroke]] centre,<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> which led to Geldray undertaking voluntary work teaching stroke victims to play the harmonica.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|pp=172–173}} Following the death of Geldray's youngest step-son, Timmy, Susan Geldray began drinking to excess,{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=174}} and she underwent treatment at the [[W:Betty Ford Center\|Betty Ford Center]].<ref name="Guardian Obit" /> Geldray volunteered to help at the clinic and qualified as a counsellor and technician.<ref name="Times Obit" /> To raise funds for the clinic he started "Jazz without Booze", a series of concerts, which included prominent local musicians, including [[W:Stan Getz\|Stan Getz]].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> In 1989, Geldray published his autobiography, ''Goon With the Wind'', using the same title as he had for his 1957 album.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Goon with the wind / Max Geldray with John R. Vance.\|url=http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01010109008&indx=1&recIds=BLL01010109008&recIdxs=0&elementId=&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&dscnt=0&frbrVersion=&vl(174399379UI0)=any&scp.scps=scope%3A(BLCONTENT)&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1344517248826&srt=rank&mode=Basic&gathStatTab=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=goon%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bwind&vid=BLVU1&frbg=&dum=true\|publisher=[[British Library]]\|access-date=9 August 2012\|location=London}}</ref>		In 1973, Geldray and his family moved to [[W:Palm Springs, California\|Palm Springs, California]] to look after his ailing stepfather; he also played harmonica in the local Trinidad Bar.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=172}} A local doctor approached him after one set and asked if Geldray would put on a show at his [[W:stroke\|stroke]] centre,<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> which led to Geldray undertaking voluntary work teaching stroke victims to play the harmonica.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|pp=172–173}} Following the death of Geldray's youngest step-son, Timmy, Susan Geldray began drinking to excess,{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=174}} and she underwent treatment at the [[W:Betty Ford Center\|Betty Ford Center]].<ref name="Guardian Obit" /> Geldray volunteered to help at the clinic and qualified as a counsellor and technician.<ref name="Times Obit" /> To raise funds for the clinic he started "Jazz without Booze", a series of concerts, which included prominent local musicians, including [[W:Stan Getz\|Stan Getz]].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> In 1989, Geldray published his autobiography, ''Goon With the Wind'', using the same title as he had for his 1957 album.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Goon with the wind / Max Geldray with John R. Vance.\|url=http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01010109008&indx=1&recIds=BLL01010109008&recIdxs=0&elementId=&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&dscnt=0&frbrVersion=&vl(174399379UI0)=any&scp.scps=scope%3A(BLCONTENT)&tab=local_tab&dstmp=1344517248826&srt=rank&mode=Basic&gathStatTab=true&tb=t&vl(freeText0)=goon%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bwind&vid=BLVU1&frbg=&dum=true\|publisher=[[w:British Library\|British Library]]\|access-date=9 August 2012\|location=London}}</ref>

	Geldray died in Palm Springs of natural causes on 2 October 2004 at the age of 88.<ref name="Stage obit" />		Geldray died in Palm Springs of natural causes on 2 October 2004 at the age of 88.<ref name="Stage obit" />

Kurt at 18:24, 19 September 2022

2022-09-19T18:24:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:24, 19 September 2022
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	\| children = 1		\| children = 1
	}}		}}
	'''Max van Gelder''' (12 February 1916 – 2 October 2004), professionally known as '''Max Geldray''', was a [[jazz]] [[harmonica]] player. Best known for providing musical interludes for ''[[The Goon Show]]'', he was also credited as being the first harmonica player to embrace the jazz style.		'''Max van Gelder''' (12 February 1916 – 2 October 2004), professionally known as '''Max Geldray''', was a [[w:jazz\|jazz]] [[w:harmonica\|harmonica]] player. Best known for providing musical interludes for ''[[The Goon Show]]'', he was also credited as being the first harmonica player to embrace the jazz style.

	Geldray was born in the Netherlands and played jazz in the United Kingdom, Belgium, France and his home country, before settling in Britain at the outbreak of the Second World War; he was wounded during the [[w:Invasion of Normandy\|Invasion of Normandy]]. He appeared in nearly every episode of ''The Goon Show'', providing one of the musical interludes and the closing music for each programme. After ''The Goon Show'' series ended in 1960, he settled in the US, where he worked as an entertainer in the Reno casinos alongside performers such as [[w:Sarah Vaughan\|Sarah Vaughan]] and [[w:Billy Daniels\|Billy Daniels]]. Moving to Palm Springs, he eventually became a part-time counsellor at the [[w:Betty Ford Center\|Betty Ford Center]]. He was married twice and had one son. Geldray died in October 2004, aged 88.		Geldray was born in the Netherlands and played jazz in the United Kingdom, Belgium, France and his home country, before settling in Britain at the outbreak of the Second World War; he was wounded during the [[w:Invasion of Normandy\|Invasion of Normandy]]. He appeared in nearly every episode of ''The Goon Show'', providing one of the musical interludes and the closing music for each programme. After ''The Goon Show'' series ended in 1960, he settled in the US, where he worked as an entertainer in the Reno casinos alongside performers such as [[w:Sarah Vaughan\|Sarah Vaughan]] and [[w:Billy Daniels\|Billy Daniels]]. Moving to Palm Springs, he eventually became a part-time counsellor at the [[w:Betty Ford Center\|Betty Ford Center]]. He was married twice and had one son. Geldray died in October 2004, aged 88.
Line 73:		Line 73:

	<ref name="Stage obit">		<ref name="Stage obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Hepple\|first=Peter\|title=Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Stage\|]]\|date=14 October 2004\|location=London\|page=22		{{cite news\|last=Hepple\|first=Peter\|title=Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Stage\|The Stage]]\|date=14 October 2004\|location=London\|page=22
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>
Line 82:		Line 82:

	<ref name="D Tel Obit">		<ref name="D Tel Obit">
	{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[w:The Daily Telegraph\|]]\|date=8 October 2004\|location=London\|page=31		{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Daily Telegraph\|The Daily Telegraph]]\|date=8 October 2004\|location=London\|page=31
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Guardian Obit">		<ref name="Guardian Obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Barker\|first=Dennis\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Guardian\|]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=29		{{cite news\|last=Barker\|first=Dennis\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Guardian\|The Guardian]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=29
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Times Obit">		<ref name="Times Obit">
	{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Times\|]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=51		{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Times\|The Times]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=51
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Independent Obit">		<ref name="Independent Obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Leigh\|first=Spencer\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Independent\|]]\|date=7 October 2004\|location=London\|page=43		{{cite news\|last=Leigh\|first=Spencer\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Independent\|The Independent]]\|date=7 October 2004\|location=London\|page=43
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

Kurt: /* Notes and references */

2022-09-19T18:21:17Z

Notes and references

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:21, 19 September 2022
Line 73:		Line 73:

	<ref name="Stage obit">		<ref name="Stage obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Hepple\|first=Peter\|title=Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Stage\|]]\|date=14 October 2004\|location=London\|page=22		{{cite news\|last=Hepple\|first=Peter\|title=Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Stage\|]]\|date=14 October 2004\|location=London\|page=22
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>
Line 82:		Line 82:

	<ref name="D Tel Obit">		<ref name="D Tel Obit">
	{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Daily Telegraph\|]]\|date=8 October 2004\|location=London\|page=31		{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[w:The Daily Telegraph\|]]\|date=8 October 2004\|location=London\|page=31
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Guardian Obit">		<ref name="Guardian Obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Barker\|first=Dennis\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Guardian\|]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=29		{{cite news\|last=Barker\|first=Dennis\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Guardian\|]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=29
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Times Obit">		<ref name="Times Obit">
	{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Times\|]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=51		{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Times\|]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=51
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Independent Obit">		<ref name="Independent Obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Leigh\|first=Spencer\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Independent\|]]\|date=7 October 2004\|location=London\|page=43		{{cite news\|last=Leigh\|first=Spencer\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[w:The Independent\|]]\|date=7 October 2004\|location=London\|page=43
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

Kurt: /* Bibliography */

2022-09-19T18:20:21Z

Bibliography

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 19 September 2022
Line 106:		Line 106:
	{{refbegin\|30em}}		{{refbegin\|30em}}

	* {{cite book\|last=Carpenter\|first=Humphrey\|author-link=Humphrey Carpenter\|title=Spike Milligan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dF9zDXmpsI0C&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]]\|location=London\|year=2004\|isbn=978-0-340-82612-6}}		* {{cite book\|last=Carpenter\|first=Humphrey\|author-link=w:Humphrey Carpenter\|title=Spike Milligan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dF9zDXmpsI0C&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[w:Hodder & Stoughton\|Hodder & Stoughton]]\|location=London\|year=2004\|isbn=978-0-340-82612-6}}
	*{{cite book \| last=Farnes \| first=Norma \| title=The Goons: The Story \| date= 6 November 1997 \| publisher=[[Virgin Books]] \| location=London \| isbn=1-85227-679-7 }}		*{{cite book \| last=Farnes \| first=Norma\|author-link=Norma Farnes \| title=The Goons: The Story \| date= 6 November 1997 \| publisher=[[w:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]] \| location=London \| isbn=1-85227-679-7 }}
	* {{cite book\|last=Geldray\|first=Max\|title=Goon with the Wind\|publisher=[[Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1989\|isbn=978-0-86051-578-4}}		* {{cite book\|last=Geldray\|first=Max\|title=Goon with the Wind\|publisher=[[w:Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1989\|isbn=978-0-86051-578-4}}
	* {{cite book\|last=Larkin\|first=Colin\|author-link=Colin Larkin (writer)\|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music\|publisher=[[W:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]]\|location=London\|year=1998\|isbn=978-0-7535-0268-6}}		* {{cite book\|last=Larkin\|first=Colin\|author-link=w:Colin Larkin (writer)\|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music\|publisher=[[w:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]]\|location=London\|year=1998\|isbn=978-0-7535-0268-6}}
	* {{cite book \| last = Rigelsford \| first = Adrian \| author-link = Adrian Rigelsford \| year = 2004 \| title = Peter Sellers: A Life in Character \| publisher = [[W:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]] \| location = London \| isbn = 978-0-7535-0270-9 }}		* {{cite book \| last = Rigelsford \| first = Adrian \| author-link = w:Adrian Rigelsford \| year = 2004 \| title = Peter Sellers: A Life in Character \| publisher = [[w:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]] \| location = London \| isbn = 978-0-7535-0270-9 }}
	* {{cite book\|last=Thomas\|first=Nigel\|title=Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces 1939–45\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsSZSQt8VLcC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[W:Osprey Publishing\|Osprey Publishing]]\|location=Oxford\|year=1991\|isbn=978-1-85532-136-6}}		* {{cite book\|last=Thomas\|first=Nigel\|title=Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces 1939–45\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsSZSQt8VLcC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[w:Osprey Publishing\|Osprey Publishing]]\|location=Oxford\|year=1991\|isbn=978-1-85532-136-6}}
	* {{cite book\|last=Webber\|first=Richard\|title=Fifty years of Hancock's half hour\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3-gxwTNLaIC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[W:Random House\|Arrow Books]]\|location=London\|year=2005\|isbn=978-1-4464-0998-5}}		* {{cite book\|last=Webber\|first=Richard\|title=Fifty years of Hancock's half hour\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3-gxwTNLaIC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[w:Random House\|Arrow Books]]\|location=London\|year=2005\|isbn=978-1-4464-0998-5}}
	* {{cite book\|last1=Wilmut\|first1=Roger\| last2=Grafton\|first2=Jimmy\|authorlink1=Roger Wilmut\|authorlink2=Jimmy Grafton\|title=The Goon Show Companion: A History and Goonography\|publisher=[[W:Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1981\|isbn=0-903895-64-1}}		* {{cite book\|last1=Wilmut\|first1=Roger\| last2=Grafton\|first2=Jimmy\|authorlink1=Roger Wilmut\|authorlink2=Jimmy Grafton\|title=The Goon Show Companion: A History and Goonography\|publisher=[[w:Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1981\|isbn=0-903895-64-1}}

	{{refend}}		{{refend}}

Kurt at 18:17, 19 September 2022

2022-09-19T18:17:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 19 September 2022
Line 18:		Line 18:
	\| known_for =		\| known_for =
	\| notable_works = [[The Goon Show]]		\| notable_works = [[The Goon Show]]
	\| spouse = {{plainlist}}		\| spouse = {{plainlist\|
	*{{marriage\|Sarah Prentice {{small\|(aka Zaza Peters)}}\|1942\|<!-- Early 1950s -->\|end=div}}		*{{marriage\|Sarah Prentice {{small\|(aka Zaza Peters)}}\|1942\|<!-- Early 1950s -->\|end=div}}
	*{{marriage\|Susan Donofrio\|1962\|}}		*{{marriage\|Susan Donofrio\|1962\|}}
Line 73:		Line 73:

	<ref name="Stage obit">		<ref name="Stage obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Hepple\|first=Peter\|title=Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[The Stage]]\|date=14 October 2004\|location=London\|page=22		{{cite news\|last=Hepple\|first=Peter\|title=Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Stage\|]]\|date=14 October 2004\|location=London\|page=22
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>
Line 82:		Line 82:

	<ref name="D Tel Obit">		<ref name="D Tel Obit">
	{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]\|date=8 October 2004\|location=London\|page=31		{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Daily Telegraph\|]]\|date=8 October 2004\|location=London\|page=31
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Guardian Obit">		<ref name="Guardian Obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Barker\|first=Dennis\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=29		{{cite news\|last=Barker\|first=Dennis\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Guardian\|]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=29
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Times Obit">		<ref name="Times Obit">
	{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[The Times]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=51		{{cite news\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Times\|]]\|date=9 October 2004\|location=London\|page=51
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name="Independent Obit">		<ref name="Independent Obit">
	{{cite news\|last=Leigh\|first=Spencer\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[The Independent]]\|date=7 October 2004\|location=London\|page=43		{{cite news\|last=Leigh\|first=Spencer\|title=Obituary: Max Geldray\|newspaper=[[W:The Independent\|]]\|date=7 October 2004\|location=London\|page=43
	}}		}}
	</ref>		</ref>
Line 109:		Line 109:
	*{{cite book \| last=Farnes \| first=Norma \| title=The Goons: The Story \| date= 6 November 1997 \| publisher=[[Virgin Books]] \| location=London \| isbn=1-85227-679-7 }}		*{{cite book \| last=Farnes \| first=Norma \| title=The Goons: The Story \| date= 6 November 1997 \| publisher=[[Virgin Books]] \| location=London \| isbn=1-85227-679-7 }}
	* {{cite book\|last=Geldray\|first=Max\|title=Goon with the Wind\|publisher=[[Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1989\|isbn=978-0-86051-578-4}}		* {{cite book\|last=Geldray\|first=Max\|title=Goon with the Wind\|publisher=[[Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1989\|isbn=978-0-86051-578-4}}
	* {{cite book\|last=Larkin\|first=Colin\|author-link=Colin Larkin (writer)\|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music\|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]\|location=London\|year=1998\|isbn=978-0-7535-0268-6}}		* {{cite book\|last=Larkin\|first=Colin\|author-link=Colin Larkin (writer)\|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music\|publisher=[[W:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]]\|location=London\|year=1998\|isbn=978-0-7535-0268-6}}
	* {{cite book \| last = Rigelsford \| first = Adrian \| author-link = Adrian Rigelsford \| year = 2004 \| title = Peter Sellers: A Life in Character \| publisher = [[Virgin Books]] \| location = London \| isbn = 978-0-7535-0270-9 }}		* {{cite book \| last = Rigelsford \| first = Adrian \| author-link = Adrian Rigelsford \| year = 2004 \| title = Peter Sellers: A Life in Character \| publisher = [[W:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]] \| location = London \| isbn = 978-0-7535-0270-9 }}
	* {{cite book\|last=Thomas\|first=Nigel\|title=Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces 1939–45\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsSZSQt8VLcC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]\|location=Oxford\|year=1991\|isbn=978-1-85532-136-6}}		* {{cite book\|last=Thomas\|first=Nigel\|title=Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces 1939–45\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsSZSQt8VLcC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[W:Osprey Publishing\|Osprey Publishing]]\|location=Oxford\|year=1991\|isbn=978-1-85532-136-6}}
	* {{cite book\|last=Webber\|first=Richard\|title=Fifty years of Hancock's half hour\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3-gxwTNLaIC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[Random House\|Arrow Books]]\|location=London\|year=2005\|isbn=978-1-4464-0998-5}}		* {{cite book\|last=Webber\|first=Richard\|title=Fifty years of Hancock's half hour\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3-gxwTNLaIC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[W:Random House\|Arrow Books]]\|location=London\|year=2005\|isbn=978-1-4464-0998-5}}
	* {{cite book\|last1=Wilmut\|first1=Roger\| last2=Grafton\|first2=Jimmy\|authorlink1=Roger Wilmut\|authorlink2=Jimmy Grafton\|title=The Goon Show Companion: A History and Goonography\|publisher=[[Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1981\|isbn=0-903895-64-1}}		* {{cite book\|last1=Wilmut\|first1=Roger\| last2=Grafton\|first2=Jimmy\|authorlink1=Roger Wilmut\|authorlink2=Jimmy Grafton\|title=The Goon Show Companion: A History and Goonography\|publisher=[[W:Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1981\|isbn=0-903895-64-1}}

	{{refend}}		{{refend}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:46, 21 January 2023
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	Geldray was born Max Leon van Gelder, on 12 February 1916 in [[w:Amsterdam\|Amsterdam]], [[w:Netherlands\|Netherlands]] to [[w:Jewish\|Jewish]] parents.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> His father, Leon van Gelder, was a commercial traveller, and his mother was Margarite, née Baillosterky.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> By 1922, Leon was the European Manager for Maja perfume and the family moved out of Amsterdam to [[w:Bilthoven\|Bilthoven]].{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=15}} Both parents could play the piano—Leon was self-taught and played by ear, while Margarite was classically trained—and it was Leon who started to teach Geldray how to play.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=16}} He developed love of [[w:jazz\|jazz]] music after hearing [[w:Louis Armstrong\|Louis Armstrong]] on the radio in 1928; Geldray later wrote "how could anyone ''not'' love its energy, its vitality and the freedom of its form? And Louis Armstrong among all the players, became something special to me".{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=18}}		Geldray was born Max Leon van Gelder, on 12 February 1916 in [[w:Amsterdam\|Amsterdam]], [[w:Netherlands\|Netherlands]] to [[w:Jewish\|Jewish]] parents.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> His father, Leon van Gelder, was a commercial traveller, and his mother was Margarite, née Baillosterky.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> By 1922, Leon was the European Manager for Maja perfume and the family moved out of Amsterdam to [[w:Bilthoven\|Bilthoven]].{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=15}} Both parents could play the piano—Leon was self-taught and played by ear, while Margarite was classically trained—and it was Leon who started to teach Geldray how to play.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=16}} He developed love of [[w:jazz\|jazz]] music after hearing [[w:Louis Armstrong\|Louis Armstrong]] on the radio in 1928; Geldray later wrote "how could anyone ''not'' love its energy, its vitality and the freedom of its form? And Louis Armstrong among all the players, became something special to me".{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=18}}

	In February 1930, Geldray heard a mouth organ player on [[w:BBC Radio\|BBC Radio]] and mentioned the performance to a friend, Hans Mossel, owner of a music shop in Amsterdam; Mossel had ordered a [[w:chromatic harmonica\|chromatic harmonica]] the previous week and gave it to Geldray, who practised assiduously.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|pp=24–25}} By 1934, Geldray had made some appearances on Dutch radio{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=25}} and formed a band with eight others; an agent named Franklin billed the group as "Mac {{sic}} Geldray and his Mouth Accordion Band", changing the surname of the principal to the name he retained for the rest of his life.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=28}} With his performances, Geldray became the first person to play the harmonica in the jazz style.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Goons musician Max Geldray dies\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3717500.stm\|publisher=[[~~w:BBC\|~~BBC]]\|date=5 October 2004\|location=London}}</ref> A change in the format of the band to a quartet and the introduction of a new manager led to a six-week tour of English theatres in 1937, accompanying the comedian Tom Moss; the band changed its name to "The Hollander Boys".<ref name="Independent Obit" /> During the tour, Moss introduced Geldray to [[w:Jack Hylton\|Jack Hylton]], who invited him to play in his orchestra for the evening.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=35}}		In February 1930, Geldray heard a mouth organ player on [[w:BBC Radio\|BBC Radio]] and mentioned the performance to a friend, Hans Mossel, owner of a music shop in Amsterdam; Mossel had ordered a [[w:chromatic harmonica\|chromatic harmonica]] the previous week and gave it to Geldray, who practised assiduously.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|pp=24–25}} By 1934, Geldray had made some appearances on Dutch radio{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=25}} and formed a band with eight others; an agent named Franklin billed the group as "Mac {{sic}} Geldray and his Mouth Accordion Band", changing the surname of the principal to the name he retained for the rest of his life.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=28}} With his performances, Geldray became the first person to play the harmonica in the jazz style.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Goons musician Max Geldray dies\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3717500.stm\|publisher=[[BBC]]\|date=5 October 2004\|location=London}}</ref> A change in the format of the band to a quartet and the introduction of a new manager led to a six-week tour of English theatres in 1937, accompanying the comedian Tom Moss; the band changed its name to "The Hollander Boys".<ref name="Independent Obit" /> During the tour, Moss introduced Geldray to [[w:Jack Hylton\|Jack Hylton]], who invited him to play in his orchestra for the evening.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=35}}

	[[File:Django Reinhardt (Gottlieb 07301).jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|[[w:Django Reinhardt\|Django Reinhardt]], friend and playing companion of Geldray]]		[[File:Django Reinhardt (Gottlieb 07301).jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|[[w:Django Reinhardt\|Django Reinhardt]], friend and playing companion of Geldray]]
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	==BBC years (1947–61)==		==BBC years (1947–61)==

	[[File:Ray and Max.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Ray Ellington and Max Geldray in between takes.\|[[Ray Ellington]] (left), [[Max Geldray]] (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]		[[File:Ray and Max.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Ray Ellington and Max Geldray in between takes.\|[[Ray Ellington]] (left), Max Geldray (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]

	Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />		Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 5 October 2022
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	Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />		Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />

	In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[ITV (network)\|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[W:George Martin\|George Martin]] and released on the [[W:Parlophone\|Parlophone]] label.{{sfn\|Larkin\|1998\|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn\|Webber\|2005\|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />		In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[w:ITV (network)\|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[W:George Martin\|George Martin]] and released on the [[W:Parlophone\|Parlophone]] label.{{sfn\|Larkin\|1998\|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn\|Webber\|2005\|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />

	''The Goon Show'' finished its ten-series run on 28 January 1960.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} In 1961, with his six-year relationship with Barbara at an end, Geldray worked as an entertainer on four trips on the [[W:RMS Queen Elizabeth\|RMS ''Queen Elizabeth'']].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> On visiting Los Angeles he was impressed by the city and decided to emigrate to the US.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />		''The Goon Show'' finished its ten-series run on 28 January 1960.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} In 1961, with his six-year relationship with Barbara at an end, Geldray worked as an entertainer on four trips on the [[W:RMS Queen Elizabeth\|RMS ''Queen Elizabeth'']].<ref name="D Tel Obit" /> On visiting Los Angeles he was impressed by the city and decided to emigrate to the US.<ref name="Guardian Obit" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 5 October 2022
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	[[File:Ray and Max.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Ray Ellington and Max Geldray in between takes.\|[[Ray Ellington]] (left), [[Max Geldray]] (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]		[[File:Ray and Max.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Ray Ellington and Max Geldray in between takes.\|[[Ray Ellington]] (left), [[Max Geldray]] (right) in ''[[The Goon Show]]'']]

	Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />		Settling in London, Geldray took up British citizenship,<ref name="Stage obit" /> and worked on a number of BBC radio programmes, such as [[Workers' Playtime (radio programme)\|''Workers' Playtime'']], ''Melody Magazine'' and ''Forces' All-Star Bill''.<ref name="D Tel Obit" /><ref name="Times Obit" /> In 1951, he provided the musical interludes for a new BBC series ''Crazy People'', a comedy show that starred [[Harry Secombe]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]], and [[Michael Bentine]].{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=37}} ''Crazy People'' changed its name for subsequent series to ''[[The Goon Show]]'' and Geldray was a regular performer in the remaining nine series.{{sfn\|Farnes\|1997\|pp=189–192}} The show followed a successful format of a vague plot interspersed by two musical performances; the BBC used the same structure for several radio series.{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=14}} In ''The Goon Show'', the musical segments were taken up by Geldray and The [[Ray Ellington]] Quartet,{{sfn\|Wilmut\|Grafton\|1981\|p=47}} with Geldray also playing "[[w:Crazy Rhythm\|Crazy Rhythm]]" for the play-out music.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /> On occasion, Geldray was given lines to perform, although he felt uncomfortable doing so, and his lack of acting ability became a long-running joke within the programme.<ref name="Times Obit" /> Geldray was also the butt of some of the Goons jokes and humour: he was referred to throughout the programmes as "Conk", on account of his nose, and his performances were often humorously dismissed by the announcer [[Wallace Greenslade]], with such comments as: "That was Mr Max Geldray playing a harmonica. We thought you ought to know what it was, anyhow."<ref name="Times Obit" />

	In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[ITV (network)\|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[W:George Martin\|George Martin]] and released on the [[W:Parlophone\|Parlophone]] label.{{sfn\|Larkin\|1998\|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn\|Webber\|2005\|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />		In the early 1950s, Geldray's marriage ended in divorce, after the relationship had "burned itself out",{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=157}} and he began a relationship with a dancer, Barbara.{{sfn\|Geldray\|1989\|p=158}} In 1956, Geldray appeared in three television comedy shows produced by [[ITV (network)\|ITV]] and starring the Goons: ''[[The Idiot Weekly, Price 2d]]'' (broadcast 24 February – 23 April 1956),{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} ''[[A Show Called Fred]]'' (broadcast 2–30 May 1956){{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=165}} and ''[[Son of Fred]]'' (broadcast 17 September – 5 November 1956).{{sfn\|Rigelsford\|2004\|p=166}}<ref name="Independent Obit" /> In 1957, he released an album, ''Goon with the Wind'', which was produced by [[W:George Martin\|George Martin]] and released on the [[W:Parlophone\|Parlophone]] label.{{sfn\|Larkin\|1998\|p=159}} Later that year, Geldray also appeared in ''Hancock's 43 Minutes'', the Christmas edition of ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'', broadcast on 23 December 1957.{{sfn\|Webber\|2005\|p=262}} In 1958, the BBC proposed dropping Geldray from ''The Goon Show'' in a cost-cutting measure; Peter Sellers threatened to leave the series, and Geldray remained.<ref name="Leigh DNB" /><ref name="Independent Obit" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 19 September 2022
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	{{refbegin\|30em}}		{{refbegin\|30em}}

	* {{cite book\|last=Carpenter\|first=Humphrey\|author-link=Humphrey Carpenter\|title=Spike Milligan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dF9zDXmpsI0C&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]]\|location=London\|year=2004\|isbn=978-0-340-82612-6}}		* {{cite book\|last=Carpenter\|first=Humphrey\|author-link=w:Humphrey Carpenter\|title=Spike Milligan\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dF9zDXmpsI0C&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[w:Hodder & Stoughton\|Hodder & Stoughton]]\|location=London\|year=2004\|isbn=978-0-340-82612-6}}
	*{{cite book \| last=Farnes \| first=Norma \| title=The Goons: The Story \| date= 6 November 1997 \| publisher=[[Virgin Books]] \| location=London \| isbn=1-85227-679-7 }}		*{{cite book \| last=Farnes \| first=Norma\|author-link=Norma Farnes \| title=The Goons: The Story \| date= 6 November 1997 \| publisher=[[w:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]] \| location=London \| isbn=1-85227-679-7 }}
	* {{cite book\|last=Geldray\|first=Max\|title=Goon with the Wind\|publisher=[[Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1989\|isbn=978-0-86051-578-4}}		* {{cite book\|last=Geldray\|first=Max\|title=Goon with the Wind\|publisher=[[w:Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1989\|isbn=978-0-86051-578-4}}
	* {{cite book\|last=Larkin\|first=Colin\|author-link=Colin Larkin (writer)\|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music\|publisher=[[W:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]]\|location=London\|year=1998\|isbn=978-0-7535-0268-6}}		* {{cite book\|last=Larkin\|first=Colin\|author-link=w:Colin Larkin (writer)\|title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music\|publisher=[[w:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]]\|location=London\|year=1998\|isbn=978-0-7535-0268-6}}
	* {{cite book \| last = Rigelsford \| first = Adrian \| author-link = Adrian Rigelsford \| year = 2004 \| title = Peter Sellers: A Life in Character \| publisher = [[W:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]] \| location = London \| isbn = 978-0-7535-0270-9 }}		* {{cite book \| last = Rigelsford \| first = Adrian \| author-link = w:Adrian Rigelsford \| year = 2004 \| title = Peter Sellers: A Life in Character \| publisher = [[w:Virgin Books\|Virgin Books]] \| location = London \| isbn = 978-0-7535-0270-9 }}
	* {{cite book\|last=Thomas\|first=Nigel\|title=Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces 1939–45\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsSZSQt8VLcC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[W:Osprey Publishing\|Osprey Publishing]]\|location=Oxford\|year=1991\|isbn=978-1-85532-136-6}}		* {{cite book\|last=Thomas\|first=Nigel\|title=Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces 1939–45\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsSZSQt8VLcC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[w:Osprey Publishing\|Osprey Publishing]]\|location=Oxford\|year=1991\|isbn=978-1-85532-136-6}}
	* {{cite book\|last=Webber\|first=Richard\|title=Fifty years of Hancock's half hour\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3-gxwTNLaIC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[W:Random House\|Arrow Books]]\|location=London\|year=2005\|isbn=978-1-4464-0998-5}}		* {{cite book\|last=Webber\|first=Richard\|title=Fifty years of Hancock's half hour\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3-gxwTNLaIC&pg=PP1\|publisher=[[w:Random House\|Arrow Books]]\|location=London\|year=2005\|isbn=978-1-4464-0998-5}}
	* {{cite book\|last1=Wilmut\|first1=Roger\| last2=Grafton\|first2=Jimmy\|authorlink1=Roger Wilmut\|authorlink2=Jimmy Grafton\|title=The Goon Show Companion: A History and Goonography\|publisher=[[W:Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1981\|isbn=0-903895-64-1}}		* {{cite book\|last1=Wilmut\|first1=Roger\| last2=Grafton\|first2=Jimmy\|authorlink1=Roger Wilmut\|authorlink2=Jimmy Grafton\|title=The Goon Show Companion: A History and Goonography\|publisher=[[w:Anova Books\|Robson Books]]\|location=London\|year=1981\|isbn=0-903895-64-1}}

	{{refend}}		{{refend}}