Future Echoes - Revision history

Kurt: /* Remastering */

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Remastering

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	{{See also\|Red Dwarf remastered}}		{{See also\|Red Dwarf remastered}}

	[[Image:future echoes remastered scene.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Video effects were added to the existing footage to give the illusion of breaking light speed]]The remastering of series one to three was carried out during the late 1990s.<ref name="Remasters of the Universe">{{cite web\|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html \|title=Remasters of the Universe \|publisher=reddwarf.co.uk \|access-date=28 January 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104012351/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html \|archive-date=4 January 2008 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Changes carried out included replacement of the opening credits (re-instating the original idea of the one shot of pulling away from the ship),<ref name="Series I Remastering">{{cite web \| url =http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=1&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=remastering \| title =Series I Remastering \| publisher =reddwarf.co.uk \|access-date =30 January 2008}}</ref> colour grading and [[Film look\|filmising]] of the picture,<ref name="The End Re-Mastered Commentary">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title =The End Re-Mastered DVD Commentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> new [[Computer-generated imagery\|computer-generated]] [[~~special~~ effect]]s of ''Red Dwarf'' flying through space,<ref name="Re-Dwarf">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title ='Re-Dwarf' Documentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> and many more visual, audio and scene adjustments.<ref name="Re-Dwarf"/>		[[Image:future echoes remastered scene.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Video effects were added to the existing footage to give the illusion of breaking light speed]]The remastering of series one to three was carried out during the late 1990s.<ref name="Remasters of the Universe">{{cite web\|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html \|title=Remasters of the Universe \|publisher=reddwarf.co.uk \|access-date=28 January 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104012351/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html \|archive-date=4 January 2008 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Changes carried out included replacement of the opening credits (re-instating the original idea of the one shot of pulling away from the ship),<ref name="Series I Remastering">{{cite web \| url =http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=1&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=remastering \| title =Series I Remastering \| publisher =reddwarf.co.uk \|access-date =30 January 2008}}</ref> colour grading and [[Film look\|filmising]] of the picture,<ref name="The End Re-Mastered Commentary">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title =The End Re-Mastered DVD Commentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> new [[Computer-generated imagery\|computer-generated]] [[visual effect]]s of ''Red Dwarf'' flying through space,<ref name="Re-Dwarf">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title ='Re-Dwarf' Documentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> and many more visual, audio and scene adjustments.<ref name="Re-Dwarf"/>

	Changes specific to "Future Echoes" include new bike shots of Lister inserted at the beginning,<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title =Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> and computer-generated visual effects of ''Red Dwarf'' breaking the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> Also [[post-production]] video effects of white flashes were added to scenes when the ship breaks the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> An additional dramatic score was added to the scene of Lister's impending death.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/>		Changes specific to "Future Echoes" include new bike shots of Lister inserted at the beginning,<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title =Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> and computer-generated visual effects of ''Red Dwarf'' breaking the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> Also [[post-production]] video effects of white flashes were added to scenes when the ship breaks the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> An additional dramatic score was added to the scene of Lister's impending death.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/>

Kurt: /* Remastering */

2023-02-12T01:44:39Z

Remastering

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	[[Image:future echoes remastered scene.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Video effects were added to the existing footage to give the illusion of breaking light speed]]The remastering of series one to three was carried out during the late 1990s.<ref name="Remasters of the Universe">{{cite web\|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html \|title=Remasters of the Universe \|publisher=reddwarf.co.uk \|access-date=28 January 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104012351/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html \|archive-date=4 January 2008 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Changes carried out included replacement of the opening credits (re-instating the original idea of the one shot of pulling away from the ship),<ref name="Series I Remastering">{{cite web \| url =http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=1&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=remastering \| title =Series I Remastering \| publisher =reddwarf.co.uk \|access-date =30 January 2008}}</ref> colour grading and [[Film look\|filmising]] of the picture,<ref name="The End Re-Mastered Commentary">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title =The End Re-Mastered DVD Commentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> new [[Computer-generated imagery\|computer-generated]] [[special effect]]s of ''Red Dwarf'' flying through space,<ref name="Re-Dwarf">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title ='Re-Dwarf' Documentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> and many more visual, audio and scene adjustments.<ref name="Re-Dwarf"/>		[[Image:future echoes remastered scene.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Video effects were added to the existing footage to give the illusion of breaking light speed]]The remastering of series one to three was carried out during the late 1990s.<ref name="Remasters of the Universe">{{cite web\|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html \|title=Remasters of the Universe \|publisher=reddwarf.co.uk \|access-date=28 January 2008 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104012351/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html \|archive-date=4 January 2008 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Changes carried out included replacement of the opening credits (re-instating the original idea of the one shot of pulling away from the ship),<ref name="Series I Remastering">{{cite web \| url =http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=1&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=remastering \| title =Series I Remastering \| publisher =reddwarf.co.uk \|access-date =30 January 2008}}</ref> colour grading and [[Film look\|filmising]] of the picture,<ref name="The End Re-Mastered Commentary">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title =The End Re-Mastered DVD Commentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> new [[Computer-generated imagery\|computer-generated]] [[special effect]]s of ''Red Dwarf'' flying through space,<ref name="Re-Dwarf">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title ='Re-Dwarf' Documentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> and many more visual, audio and scene adjustments.<ref name="Re-Dwarf"/>

	Changes specific to "Future Echoes" include new bike shots of Lister inserted at the beginning,<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title =Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> and computer-generated ~~special~~ effects of ''Red Dwarf'' breaking the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> Also [[post-production]] video effects of white flashes were added to scenes when the ship breaks the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> An additional dramatic score was added to the scene of Lister's impending death.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/>		Changes specific to "Future Echoes" include new bike shots of Lister inserted at the beginning,<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary">{{cite video \| people =Remastering Crew \| title =Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary \| medium =DVD \| publisher =BBC \| at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 \| date =2007 }}</ref> and computer-generated visual effects of ''Red Dwarf'' breaking the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> Also [[post-production]] video effects of white flashes were added to scenes when the ship breaks the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> An additional dramatic score was added to the scene of Lister's impending death.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/>

	==See also==		==See also==

Kurt at 01:42, 12 February 2023

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	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2021}}~~

	{{Infobox television episode		{{Infobox television episode
	\| series = [[Red Dwarf]]		\| series = [[Red Dwarf]]

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External links

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	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{Wikiquote\|Red_Dwarf#.22Future_Echoes.22\|Future Echoes}}~~
	*{{BBC episode\|b0077lqz}}		*{{BBC episode\|b0077lqz}}
	*{{IMDb episode\|0684157}}		*{{IMDb episode\|0684157}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}

{{Infobox television episode
| series = [[Red Dwarf]]
| image = RD Future Echoes.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = A "future echo" of Lister's future self holding his two baby sons, Jim and Bexley.
| series_no = 1
| episode = 2
| director = [[Ed Bye]]
| writer = [[Rob Grant]] & [[Doug Naylor]]
| airdate = {{Start date|1988|2|22|df=y}}
| guests = [[John Lenahan]] as Toaster<br>[[Tony Hawks]] as Dispensing Machine
| prev = [[The End (Red Dwarf)|The End]]
| next = [[Balance of Power (Red Dwarf)|Balance of Power]]
| episode_list = List of Red Dwarf episodes
}}
"'''Future Echoes'''" is the second episode of the [[science fiction]] [[sitcom]] ''[[Red Dwarf]]'' series one,<ref name="British Sitcom Guide — Red Dwarf — Series 1">{{cite web | url =http://www.sitcom.co.uk/red_dwarf/series1.shtml | title =British Sitcom Guide — Red Dwarf — Series 1 | publisher =sitcom.co.uk |access-date =2008-01-31}}</ref> and was first broadcast on the British television channel [[BBC Two|BBC2]] on 22 February 1988.<ref name="BBC Programme Catalogue RED DWARF — FUTURE ECHOES">{{cite web|url=http://catalogue.bbc.co.uk/catalogue/infax/programme/NMRE757N |title=BBC Programme Catalogue RED DWARF — FUTURE ECHOES |publisher=BBC |access-date=27 November 2011 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was written by co-creators [[Rob Grant]] and [[Doug Naylor]], and directed by [[Ed Bye]].<ref name="Future Echoes cast and crew">{{cite web | url =https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0684157/fullcredits | title =Future Echoes cast and crew | publisher =IMDb |access-date =31 January 2008}}</ref>

The episode—which has the crew witnessing brief events from the future as ''Red Dwarf'' breaks the [[Speed of light|light barrier]]—was considered to be one of the better efforts from the first series,<ref name="Red Dwarf Smegazine: Survey Results">Episode Survey Results, Red Dwarf Smegazine, issue 10, December 1992, Fleetway Editions Ltd, {{ISSN|0965-5603}}</ref> so much so that it has been credited, by the creators, as having saved the series.<ref name="Episode Guide: Series 1 episode 2: Future Echoes" /> The episode was [[Remaster|re-mastered]], along with the rest of the first three series, in 1998, to appeal more to international broadcasters.<ref name="Sci-Fi-London Film Festival — The Bodysnatcher Collection">{{cite web |url=http://www.sci-fi-london.com/news/article/1195080035/3/red-dwarf-the-bodysnatcher-collection |title=Sci-Fi-London Film Festival — The Bodysnatcher Collection |publisher=sci-fi-london.com |access-date=30 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408061055/http://www.sci-fi-london.com/news/article/1195080035/3/red-dwarf-the-bodysnatcher-collection |archive-date=8 April 2008 }}</ref>

==Plot==
[[Dave Lister]] ([[Craig Charles]]) decides to wait out the journey to Earth in stasis with [[Cat (Red Dwarf)|Cat]] ([[Danny John-Jules]]), much to the annoyance of [[Arnold Rimmer]] ([[Chris Barrie]]). As Lister prepares for it, the ship is jolted severely, to which the ship's computer [[Holly (Red Dwarf)|Holly]] ([[Norman Lovett]]) explains that the ship's constant acceleration has caused it to break the light barrier. Shortly after being assured the ship will be alright, Lister notices odd things, including his mirror's reflection acting on its own, a second Rimmer having a conversation in the Drive Room that makes no sense, and a second Cat running out of his quarters after breaking a tooth. Conveying his observations to Rimmer and Holly, the computer reveals that breaking the light barrier has caused them to experience temporal anomalies known as "Future Echoes"; events that will occur in the future that can be seen in the present.<ref name="prog guide p46">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 46.</ref> The pair soon believe this when they find a photograph showing Lister holding two babies in his arms and question how it will happen.

When an explosion rocks through the corridors, Rimmer explains to Lister that he just saw a "future echo" of him dying in the drive room when working on the navicomp. Lister suspects that this will happen when Cat breaks a tooth on one of the robotic goldfish in his quarters and attempts to prevent this. However, Lister inadvertently knocks the tooth out while trying to change the future, whereupon he opts to face his destiny and fix the drive room's navicomp when it starts malfunctioning. When he manages to repair it without incident, Rimmer question what he had actually seen.<ref name="prog guide p47">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 47.</ref> Returning to their quarters, they soon encounter another "future echo" consisting of an elderly Lister who explains that Rimmer had actually seen the death of one of his twin sons. Before he disappears, he tells the pair to head to the medical unit with a camera.

As they do so, Lister questions Holly about the range of "future echoes", to which the computer replies that the faster they go beyond the light barrier, the further into the future they can see. However, as the ship is now slowing down, the "future echoes" will begin to be closer to the present until the ship resumes normal speed. Before the pair reach the medical unit, Rimmer questions how Lister would get twin sons with no women on board, to which Lister insists he doesn't know but believes it will be a laugh to find out. The pair soon see a future Lister of similar age walk out of the unit with two crying babies, and poses for the camera.<ref name="prog guide p47"/>

==Production==
[[Image:furure echoes split screen.jpg|thumb|right|Split-screen techniques were used to achieve the Rimmer echo]]It was the fourth episode recorded and they felt it worked well, but it proved very difficult to write and the script confused a lot of people. Director Ed Bye was even said to have been skeptical and baffled by it.<ref name="Episode Guide: Series 1 episode 2: Future Echoes">Episode Guide: Series 1 episode 2: Future Echoes, Red Dwarf Smegazine, volume 2 issue 2, June 1993, Fleetway Editions Ltd, {{ISSN|0965-5603}}</ref> The writers were convinced viewers would be swayed by the unusual premise of the show, and an introduction was written to be read by Holly at the beginning of each episode to remind audiences of the premise of the show and what events had preceded that particular episode. Co-creator and writer, [[Doug Naylor]], frequently had to remind the cast of these things too, as it took them a while to get their heads around the plot.<ref name="Episode Guide: Series 1 episode 2: Future Echoes"/> Despite this, it was eventually decided by the producers that it actually introduced the fact this was a sit-com which used real scientific principles better than previously recorded episodes and aired it as the second episode.

[[Split screen (video production)|Split-screen]] techniques were used as Lister talked to Rimmer's echo—just as the original Rimmer walked out the door. While Craig Charles interacted with Chris Barrie the first time, he had to then act with thin air. Where in fact, the finished shot would have Rimmer's echo walking in from the other direction and Lister trying to talk to him. This was achieved by shooting the scene with Charles and Barrie and then a separate shot of Barrie was added to the scene to follow on with the conversation with Charles.<ref name="The Beginning DVD documentary">{{cite video | people =Remastering Crew | title =The Beginning DVD documentary | medium =DVD | publisher =BBC | at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 | date =2007 }}</ref>

The skutters, the tiny, motorised, three-clawed service droids, were actual working models. They were made up of parts including old shoe boxes and the engines of radio-controlled cars. Interference originating from the radios of a nearby taxi company, which was particularly busy during filming of "Future Echoes", caused havoc with the skutter models on set. One reportedly poked Craig Charles in the eye, and another launched an unsuspecting attack on Chris Barrie's groin. Coincidentally the skutters were in the script very inept towards their maintenance work and mischievous towards humans.<ref name="Intrerview: Peter Wragg">Intrerview: Peter Wragg, Red Dwarf Smegazine, issue 8, October 1992, Fleetway Editions Ltd, {{ISSN|0965-5603}}</ref>

[[John Lenahan]] voiced the Toaster and [[Tony Hawks]] provided his voice for the Dispensing Machine.<ref name="Future Echoes cast and crew"/>

After the episode aired Rob Grant and Doug Naylor became uncomfortable with how casually Lister takes the news of his future son's violent death. When this episode was adapted for ''[[Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers|Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers]]'', this was altered so it's actually Lister's grandson who dies in the navicomp explosion.

==Cultural references==
This was the first episode of the series to deal with a science fiction plot based on real [[scientific]] theory, which was to become a common occurrence in later ''Red Dwarf'' episodes. For this particular episode, [[time dilation]] and various assorted time anomalies caused by travelling close to the speed of light (or indeed even at the speed of light) are referenced in [[Albert Einstein]]'s [[theory of relativity]].

==Reception==
"Future Echoes" was originally broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 21 February 1988 in the 9:00 p.m. evening time slot.<ref name="BBC Programme Catalogue RED DWARF — FUTURE ECHOES"/> Although the pilot episode "[[The End (Red Dwarf)|The End]]" gained over five million viewers, this was now tailing off slightly as the series progressed.<ref name="Programme Guide p8-9">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 8-9.</ref> The episode was considered to be one of the better ones from the first series.<ref name="Red Dwarf Smegazine: Survey Results"/> Co-creator and writer, [[Rob Grant]], stated that if it weren't for "Future Echoes" then the show would have been nonexistent. It was the fourth episode recorded and they felt it worked so well they brought it forward in the schedule to second.<ref name="Episode Guide: Series 1 episode 2: Future Echoes"/>

==Remastering==
{{See also|Red Dwarf remastered}}

[[Image:future echoes remastered scene.jpg|thumb|right|Video effects were added to the existing footage to give the illusion of breaking light speed]]The remastering of series one to three was carried out during the late 1990s.<ref name="Remasters of the Universe">{{cite web|url=http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html |title=Remasters of the Universe |publisher=reddwarf.co.uk |access-date=28 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104012351/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/deck01/dvd_remasters_of_the_universe_221206.html |archive-date=4 January 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Changes carried out included replacement of the opening credits (re-instating the original idea of the one shot of pulling away from the ship),<ref name="Series I Remastering">{{cite web | url =http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/guide/index.cfm?seriesID=1&sectionID=behind-the-scenes&subsectionID=remastering | title =Series I Remastering | publisher =reddwarf.co.uk |access-date =30 January 2008}}</ref> colour grading and [[Film look|filmising]] of the picture,<ref name="The End Re-Mastered Commentary">{{cite video | people =Remastering Crew | title =The End Re-Mastered DVD Commentary | medium =DVD | publisher =BBC | at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 | date =2007 }}</ref> new [[Computer-generated imagery|computer-generated]] [[special effect]]s of ''Red Dwarf'' flying through space,<ref name="Re-Dwarf">{{cite video | people =Remastering Crew | title ='Re-Dwarf' Documentary | medium =DVD | publisher =BBC | at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 | date =2007 }}</ref> and many more visual, audio and scene adjustments.<ref name="Re-Dwarf"/>

Changes specific to "Future Echoes" include new bike shots of Lister inserted at the beginning,<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary">{{cite video | people =Remastering Crew | title =Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary | medium =DVD | publisher =BBC | at =Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset disc 1 | date =2007 }}</ref> and computer-generated special effects of ''Red Dwarf'' breaking the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> Also [[post-production]] video effects of white flashes were added to scenes when the ship breaks the light barrier.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/> An additional dramatic score was added to the scene of Lister's impending death.<ref name="Future Echoes Re-Mastered text commentary"/>

==See also==
*''[[Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers]]'' – the first ''Red Dwarf'' novel which features an expanded version of events from this episode, as well as new material not seen in the television episodes.<ref name="Programme Guide novels">Howarth & Lyons (1993) p. 209.</ref>
*[[Time travel in fiction]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book |last=Howarth |first=Chris |author2=Steve Lyons |title=Red Dwarf Programme Guide |year=1993 |publisher=[[Virgin Books]] |isbn=0-86369-682-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/reddwarfprogramm0000howa }}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Red_Dwarf#.22Future_Echoes.22|Future Echoes}}
*{{BBC episode|b0077lqz}}
*{{IMDb episode|0684157}}
*[https://archive.today/20121209091831/http://www.reddwarf.co.uk/series/1/behind-the-scenes/sources/ Series 1 overview at RedDwarf.co.uk]

{{Red Dwarf episodes}}

[[Category:Faster-than-light travel in fiction]]
[[Category:Red Dwarf I episodes]]
[[Category:1988 British television episodes]]
[[Category:Television episodes about time travel]]