Dirk Bogarde - Revision history

Kurt at 15:41, 25 August 2024

2024-08-25T15:41:31Z

Kurt: /* Later work */

2023-01-13T14:07:42Z

Later work

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 13 January 2023
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	===Later work===		===Later work===
			[[File:Dirk Bogarde Jane Birkin Cannes.jpg\|thumb\|Bogarde with [[Jane Birkin]], co-star in ''[[Daddy Nostalgie]]'' at the [[1990 Cannes Film Festival]]]]
	After leaving the Rank Organisation in the early 1960s, Bogarde abandoned his heart-throb image for more challenging parts.<ref name="bbc2021">{{cite news \|last1=Kaufman \|first1=Sophie Monks \|title=Why Dirk Bogarde was a truly dangerous film star \|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210322-why-dirk-bogarde-was-a-truly-dangerous-film-star \|access-date=2 April 2021 \|publisher=BBC Culture \|date=22 March 2021}}</ref> He starred in the film ''[[Victim (1961 film)\|Victim]]'' (1961), playing a London [[barrister]] who fights the blackmailers of a young man with whom he has had a deeply emotional relationship. The young man commits suicide after being arrested for embezzlement, rather than ruin his beloved's career. In exposing the ring of extortionists, Bogarde's character risks his reputation and marriage to see that justice is done. ''Victim'' was the first British film to portray the humiliation to which gay people were exposed via discriminatory law and as a victimised minority; it is said to have had some effect upon the later [[Sexual Offences Act 1967]] ending the illegal status of male homosexual activity.		After leaving the Rank Organisation in the early 1960s, Bogarde abandoned his heart-throb image for more challenging parts.<ref name="bbc2021">{{cite news \|last1=Kaufman \|first1=Sophie Monks \|title=Why Dirk Bogarde was a truly dangerous film star \|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210322-why-dirk-bogarde-was-a-truly-dangerous-film-star \|access-date=2 April 2021 \|publisher=BBC Culture \|date=22 March 2021}}</ref> He starred in the film ''[[Victim (1961 film)\|Victim]]'' (1961), playing a London [[barrister]] who fights the blackmailers of a young man with whom he has had a deeply emotional relationship. The young man commits suicide after being arrested for embezzlement, rather than ruin his beloved's career. In exposing the ring of extortionists, Bogarde's character risks his reputation and marriage to see that justice is done. ''Victim'' was the first British film to portray the humiliation to which gay people were exposed via discriminatory law and as a victimised minority; it is said to have had some effect upon the later [[Sexual Offences Act 1967]] ending the illegal status of male homosexual activity.
	~~[[File:Dirk Bogarde Jane Birkin Cannes.jpg\|thumb\|Bogarde with [[Jane Birkin]], co-star in ''[[Daddy Nostalgie]]'' at the [[1990 Cannes Film Festival]]]]~~
	His other later roles included decadent valet Hugo Barrett in ''[[The Servant (1963 film)\|The Servant]]'' (1963), which garnered him a [[BAFTA]] Award, directed by Joseph Losey and written by [[Harold Pinter]]; ''[[The Mind Benders (1963 film)\|The Mind Benders]]'' (1963), a film ahead of its times in which Bogarde plays a professor conducting [[sensory deprivation]] experiments at [[University of Oxford\|Oxford University]] (precursor to ''[[Altered States]]'' (1980)); the antiwar film ''[[King & Country]]'' (1964), directed by Joseph Losey, in which he played an army officer at a [[court-martial]], reluctantly defending deserter [[Tom Courtenay]]; a television broadcaster-writer Robert Gold in ''[[Darling (1965 film)\|Darling]]'' (1965), for which Bogarde won a second BAFTA Award, directed by [[John Schlesinger]]; Stephen, a bored Oxford University professor, in Losey's ''[[Accident (1967 film)\|Accident]]'', (1967) also written by Pinter; ''[[Our Mother's House]]'' (1967), an off-beat film noir and British entry at the [[Venice Film Festival]], directed by [[Jack Clayton]], in which Bogarde plays a ne'er-do-well father who descends upon "his" seven children on the death of their mother; German industrialist Frederick Bruckmann in [[Luchino Visconti]]'s ''La Caduta degli dei, [[The Damned (1969 film)\|The Damned]]'' (1969) co-starring [[Ingrid Thulin]]; as ex-Nazi, Max Aldorfer, in the chilling and controversial ''Il Portiere di notte'' (or ''[[The Night Porter]]'') (1974), co-starring [[Charlotte Rampling]], directed by [[Liliana Cavani]]; and most notably, as Gustav von Aschenbach in ''Morte a Venezia, [[Death in Venice (film)\|Death in Venice]]'' (1971), also directed by Visconti;<ref name="bbc2021"/> as Claude, the lawyer son of a dying, drunken writer ([[John Gielgud]]) in the well-received, multidimensional French film ''[[Providence (1977 film)\|Providence]]'' (1977), directed by [[Alain Resnais]]; as industrialist Hermann Hermann who descends into madness in ''[[Despair (film)\|Despair]]'' (1978) directed by [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]]; and as Daddy in Bertrand Tavernier's ''[[Daddy Nostalgie]]'', (or''These Foolish Things'') (1991), co-starring [[Jane Birkin]] as his daughter, Bogarde's final film role.		His other later roles included decadent valet Hugo Barrett in ''[[The Servant (1963 film)\|The Servant]]'' (1963), which garnered him a [[BAFTA]] Award, directed by Joseph Losey and written by [[Harold Pinter]]; ''[[The Mind Benders (1963 film)\|The Mind Benders]]'' (1963), a film ahead of its times in which Bogarde plays a professor conducting [[sensory deprivation]] experiments at [[University of Oxford\|Oxford University]] (precursor to ''[[Altered States]]'' (1980)); the antiwar film ''[[King & Country]]'' (1964), directed by Joseph Losey, in which he played an army officer at a [[court-martial]], reluctantly defending deserter [[Tom Courtenay]]; a television broadcaster-writer Robert Gold in ''[[Darling (1965 film)\|Darling]]'' (1965), for which Bogarde won a second BAFTA Award, directed by [[John Schlesinger]]; Stephen, a bored Oxford University professor, in Losey's ''[[Accident (1967 film)\|Accident]]'', (1967) also written by Pinter; ''[[Our Mother's House]]'' (1967), an off-beat film noir and British entry at the [[Venice Film Festival]], directed by [[Jack Clayton]], in which Bogarde plays a ne'er-do-well father who descends upon "his" seven children on the death of their mother; German industrialist Frederick Bruckmann in [[Luchino Visconti]]'s ''La Caduta degli dei, [[The Damned (1969 film)\|The Damned]]'' (1969) co-starring [[Ingrid Thulin]]; as ex-Nazi, Max Aldorfer, in the chilling and controversial ''Il Portiere di notte'' (or ''[[The Night Porter]]'') (1974), co-starring [[Charlotte Rampling]], directed by [[Liliana Cavani]]; and most notably, as Gustav von Aschenbach in ''Morte a Venezia, [[Death in Venice (film)\|Death in Venice]]'' (1971), also directed by Visconti;<ref name="bbc2021"/> as Claude, the lawyer son of a dying, drunken writer ([[John Gielgud]]) in the well-received, multidimensional French film ''[[Providence (1977 film)\|Providence]]'' (1977), directed by [[Alain Resnais]]; as industrialist Hermann Hermann who descends into madness in ''[[Despair (film)\|Despair]]'' (1978) directed by [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]]; and as Daddy in Bertrand Tavernier's ''[[Daddy Nostalgie]]'', (or''These Foolish Things'') (1991), co-starring [[Jane Birkin]] as his daughter, Bogarde's final film role.

Kurt: /* War service */

2023-01-13T14:06:41Z

War service

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	<blockquote>"I went to see quite a lot of them" [the targets that he had selected to be bombed], "I mean I went back to the villages and saw what I had done. I used to go [[Watercolor painting\|painting]], as you know, when I had any time off, and I went to one village in Normandy and painted it, because I had picked it particularly and it was a waste of time because everybody" [the Germans] "had got through," [villages on key roads were heavily bombed to block the roads and hinder the [[Wehrmacht]]'s movement of [[Tank\|armour]] and other vehicles that were hurriedly attempting to reach the invasion [[lodgement]] areas before the Allies gained too firm a foothold]<ref>Bogarde states that before a village was bombed by the RAF they would always drop leaflets warning the inhabitants but that sometimes the leaflets were blown away by the wind. Other air forces allocated to these same tasks, he states, "didn't drop leaflets, they just bombed everything that moved".</ref> "and I found what I had thought in the rubble were a whole row of [[Ball (association football)\|footballs]], and they weren't footballs—I was sitting right beside them, painting—and they weren't footballs, they were children's heads, and what it was, I discovered later, was a whole school of kids, a [[convent]], had been pulled out of school, out of class, and lined up in this little narrow alleyway between the buildings to save them from the bombing, and the whole thing had come in on top of them, plus the nuns, but by that time [when he was there] they were lice-ridden, and there was nothing. I can talk about it now at 65 because it's sort of, dispassionate about it, and I've seen worse things since, but that gave me a bit of a turn, yes, I didn't enjoy that. A row of kids' heads that you thought were footballs and you kick one and it wasn't, and it rolled away down the rubble."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>		<blockquote>"I went to see quite a lot of them" [the targets that he had selected to be bombed], "I mean I went back to the villages and saw what I had done. I used to go [[Watercolor painting\|painting]], as you know, when I had any time off, and I went to one village in Normandy and painted it, because I had picked it particularly and it was a waste of time because everybody" [the Germans] "had got through," [villages on key roads were heavily bombed to block the roads and hinder the [[Wehrmacht]]'s movement of [[Tank\|armour]] and other vehicles that were hurriedly attempting to reach the invasion [[lodgement]] areas before the Allies gained too firm a foothold]<ref>Bogarde states that before a village was bombed by the RAF they would always drop leaflets warning the inhabitants but that sometimes the leaflets were blown away by the wind. Other air forces allocated to these same tasks, he states, "didn't drop leaflets, they just bombed everything that moved".</ref> "and I found what I had thought in the rubble were a whole row of [[Ball (association football)\|footballs]], and they weren't footballs—I was sitting right beside them, painting—and they weren't footballs, they were children's heads, and what it was, I discovered later, was a whole school of kids, a [[convent]], had been pulled out of school, out of class, and lined up in this little narrow alleyway between the buildings to save them from the bombing, and the whole thing had come in on top of them, plus the nuns, but by that time [when he was there] they were lice-ridden, and there was nothing. I can talk about it now at 65 because it's sort of, dispassionate about it, and I've seen worse things since, but that gave me a bit of a turn, yes, I didn't enjoy that. A row of kids' heads that you thought were footballs and you kick one and it wasn't, and it rolled away down the rubble."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>

	Bogarde said he was one of the first [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] officers to reach the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] in Germany in April 1945, an experience that had the most profound effect on him and about which he found difficulty to speak for many years afterward.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Celinscak\|first=Mark\|title=Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Concentration Camp\|year=2015\|publisher=University of Toronto Press\|location=Toronto\|isbn=9781442615700}}</ref>		Bogarde said he was one of the first [[w:Allies of World War II\|Allied]] officers to reach the [[w:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] in Germany in April 1945, an experience that had the most profound effect on him and about which he found difficulty to speak for many years afterward.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Celinscak\|first=Mark\|title=Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Concentration Camp\|year=2015\|publisher=University of Toronto Press\|location=Toronto\|isbn=9781442615700}}</ref>

	~~[[File:The Liberation of Bergen-belsen Concentration Camp, April 1945 BU4274.jpg\|thumb\|Women survivors in Bergen-Belsen collecting their bread ration after their liberation, April 1945]]~~

	<blockquote>"I think it was on the 13th of April—I'm not quite sure what the date was" [it was the 15th] "—in '44" [sic, the camp was liberated on the 15th April 1945, and it was the 20th April 1945 when Bogarde made his visit] "when we opened up Belsen Camp, which was the first concentration camp any of us had seen, we didn't even know what they were, we'd heard vague rumours that they were. I mean nothing could be worse than that. The gates were opened and then I realised that I was looking at [[Dante]]'s [[Inferno (Dante)\|''Inferno'']], I mean ... I ... I still haven't seen anything as dreadful. And never will. And a girl came up who spoke English, because she recognised one of the badges, and she ... her breasts were like, sort of, empty purses, she had no top on, and a pair of man's pyjamas, you know, the prison pyjamas, and no hair. But I knew she was girl because of her breasts, which were empty. She was I suppose, oh I don't know, twenty four, twenty five, and we talked, and she was, you know, so excited and thrilled, and all around us there were mountains of dead people, I mean mountains of them, and they were slushy, and they were slimy, so when you walked through them ... or walked—you tried not to, but it was like .... well you just walked through them, and she ... there was a very nice British [[Royal Military Police\|MP]] [Royal Military Police], and he said 'Don't have any more, come away, come away sir, if you don't mind, because they've all got [[Typhoid fever\|typhoid]] and you'll get it, you shouldn't be here swanning around' and she saw in the back of the jeep, the unexpired portion of the [[Field ration\|daily ration]], wrapped in a piece of the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'', and she said could she have it, and he" [the Military Police] "said 'Don't give her food, because they eat it immediately and they die, within ten minutes', but she didn't want the food, she wanted the piece of ''Daily Mirror''—she hadn't seen [[newsprint]] for about eight years or five years, whatever it was she had been in the camp for. ... she was [[Estonia]]n. ... that's all she wanted. She gave me a big kiss, which was very moving. The corporal" [Military Police] "was out of his mind and I was just dragged off. I never saw her again, of course she died. I mean, I gather they all did. But, I can't really describe it very well, I don't really want to. I went through some of the huts and there were tiers and tiers of rotting people, but some of them who were alive underneath the rot, and were lifting their heads and trying .... trying to do the [[V sign#Second World War: V for Victory campaign\|victory thing]]. That was the worst."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>		<blockquote>"I think it was on the 13th of April—I'm not quite sure what the date was" [it was the 15th] "—in '44" [sic, the camp was liberated on the 15th April 1945, and it was the 20th April 1945 when Bogarde made his visit] "when we opened up Belsen Camp, which was the first concentration camp any of us had seen, we didn't even know what they were, we'd heard vague rumours that they were. I mean nothing could be worse than that. The gates were opened and then I realised that I was looking at [[Dante]]'s [[Inferno (Dante)\|''Inferno'']], I mean ... I ... I still haven't seen anything as dreadful. And never will. And a girl came up who spoke English, because she recognised one of the badges, and she ... her breasts were like, sort of, empty purses, she had no top on, and a pair of man's pyjamas, you know, the prison pyjamas, and no hair. But I knew she was girl because of her breasts, which were empty. She was I suppose, oh I don't know, twenty four, twenty five, and we talked, and she was, you know, so excited and thrilled, and all around us there were mountains of dead people, I mean mountains of them, and they were slushy, and they were slimy, so when you walked through them ... or walked—you tried not to, but it was like .... well you just walked through them, and she ... there was a very nice British [[Royal Military Police\|MP]] [Royal Military Police], and he said 'Don't have any more, come away, come away sir, if you don't mind, because they've all got [[Typhoid fever\|typhoid]] and you'll get it, you shouldn't be here swanning around' and she saw in the back of the jeep, the unexpired portion of the [[Field ration\|daily ration]], wrapped in a piece of the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'', and she said could she have it, and he" [the Military Police] "said 'Don't give her food, because they eat it immediately and they die, within ten minutes', but she didn't want the food, she wanted the piece of ''Daily Mirror''—she hadn't seen [[newsprint]] for about eight years or five years, whatever it was she had been in the camp for. ... she was [[Estonia]]n. ... that's all she wanted. She gave me a big kiss, which was very moving. The corporal" [Military Police] "was out of his mind and I was just dragged off. I never saw her again, of course she died. I mean, I gather they all did. But, I can't really describe it very well, I don't really want to. I went through some of the huts and there were tiers and tiers of rotting people, but some of them who were alive underneath the rot, and were lifting their heads and trying .... trying to do the [[V sign#Second World War: V for Victory campaign\|victory thing]]. That was the worst."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>

	~~[[File:Bergen Belsen Liberation 03.jpg\|thumb\|A [[British Army]] [[bulldozer]] pushes bodies into a [[mass grave]] at Belsen. April 19, 1945]]~~

	<blockquote>"After the war, I always knew that nothing, nothing, could ever be as bad ... but nothing could frighten me any more, I mean, no man could frighten me any more, no [[Film director\|director]] ... nothing could be as bad as the war, or the things I saw in the war."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>		<blockquote>"After the war, I always knew that nothing, nothing, could ever be as bad ... but nothing could frighten me any more, I mean, no man could frighten me any more, no [[Film director\|director]] ... nothing could be as bad as the war, or the things I saw in the war."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>
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	There was some doubt as to whether he really visited Belsen, although his biographer John Coldstream admitted it is possible he was there.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://dirkbogarde.co.uk/dirk-bogarde-and-belsen/ \| title=Dirk Bogarde » Dirk Bogarde and Belsen }}</ref>		There was some doubt as to whether he really visited Belsen, although his biographer John Coldstream admitted it is possible he was there.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://dirkbogarde.co.uk/dirk-bogarde-and-belsen/ \| title=Dirk Bogarde » Dirk Bogarde and Belsen }}</ref>

	The horror and revulsion at the cruelty and inhumanity that he witnessed still left him with a deep-seated hostility towards Germany; in the late 1980s, he wrote that he would disembark from a [[Elevator\|lift]] rather than ride with a German of his generation.<ref>Bogarde, Dirk. "Out of the Shadows of Hell". ''For the Time Being''. London: [[Penguin Books\|Penguin]], 1988.</ref> Nevertheless, three of his more memorable film roles were as Germans, one of them as a former [[SS]] officer in ''[[The Night Porter]]'' (1974).<ref>{{IMDb title\|id=0071910\|title=The Night Porter (1974)\|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref>		The horror and revulsion at the cruelty and inhumanity that he witnessed still left him with a deep-seated hostility towards Germany; in the late 1980s, he wrote that he would disembark from a [[w:Elevator\|lift]] rather than ride with a German of his generation.<ref>Bogarde, Dirk. "Out of the Shadows of Hell". ''For the Time Being''. London: [[w:Penguin Books\|Penguin]], 1988.</ref> Nevertheless, three of his more memorable film roles were as Germans, one of them as a former [[w:SS\|SS]] officer in ''[[w:The Night Porter\|The Night Porter]]'' (1974).<ref>{{IMDb title\|id=0071910\|title=The Night Porter (1974)\|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref>

	Bogarde was most vocal towards the end of his life on [[voluntary euthanasia]], of which he became a staunch proponent after witnessing the protracted death of his lifelong partner and manager [[Anthony Forwood]] (the former husband of actress [[Glynis Johns]]) in 1988. He gave an interview to John Hofsess, London executive director of the [[Dignity in Dying\|Voluntary Euthanasia Society]]:		Bogarde was most vocal towards the end of his life on [[w:voluntary euthanasia\|voluntary euthanasia]], of which he became a staunch proponent after witnessing the protracted death of his lifelong partner and manager [[w:Anthony Forwood\|Anthony Forwood]] (the former husband of actress [[Glynis Johns]]) in 1988. He gave an interview to John Hofsess, London executive director of the [[w:Dignity in Dying\|Voluntary Euthanasia Society]]:
	<blockquote>"My views were formulated as a 24-year-old officer in Normandy ... On one occasion, the [[jeep]] ahead hit a mine ... Next thing I knew, there was this chap in the long grass beside me. A bloody bundle, [[Shrapnel (fragment)\|shrapnel]]-ripped, legless, one arm only. The one arm reached out to me, white eyeballs wide, unseeing, in the bloody mask that had been a face. A gurgling voice said, "Help. Kill me." With shaking hands I reached for my small pouch to load my revolver ... I had to look for my bullets—by which time somebody else had already taken care of him. I heard the shot. I still remember that gurgling sound. A voice pleading for death ....<br/>During the war, I saw more wounded men being "taken care of" than I saw being rescued. Because sometimes you were too far from a dressing station, sometimes you couldn't get them out. And they were pumping blood or whatever; they were in such a wreck, the only thing to do was to shoot them. And they were, so don't think they weren't. That hardens you: You get used to the fact that it can happen, and that it is the only sensible thing to do."</blockquote>		<blockquote>"My views were formulated as a 24-year-old officer in Normandy ... On one occasion, the [[w:jeep\|jeep]] ahead hit a mine ... Next thing I knew, there was this chap in the long grass beside me. A bloody bundle, [[w:Shrapnel (fragment)\|shrapnel]]-ripped, legless, one arm only. The one arm reached out to me, white eyeballs wide, unseeing, in the bloody mask that had been a face. A gurgling voice said, "Help. Kill me." With shaking hands I reached for my small pouch to load my revolver ... I had to look for my bullets—by which time somebody else had already taken care of him. I heard the shot. I still remember that gurgling sound. A voice pleading for death ....<br/>During the war, I saw more wounded men being "taken care of" than I saw being rescued. Because sometimes you were too far from a dressing station, sometimes you couldn't get them out. And they were pumping blood or whatever; they were in such a wreck, the only thing to do was to shoot them. And they were, so don't think they weren't. That hardens you: You get used to the fact that it can happen, and that it is the only sensible thing to do."</blockquote>

	==Career==		==Career==

Kurt: /* Personal life */

2022-12-01T03:56:40Z

Personal life

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	==Personal life==		==Personal life==

	For nearly four decades, Bogarde shared his homes, first in [[w:Amersham]], [[w:Buckinghamshire]], and then in France, with [[w:Anthony Forwood]], who had been married to actress [[Glynis Johns]] during the 1940s. They were together until Forwood's death in 1988. Bogarde repeatedly denied that his relationship to Forwood was anything other than platonic. This was probably untruthful, given that male homosexual acts were criminal during most of his career, and could lead to prosecution and imprisonment. [[w:The Rank Organisation\|Rank Studio]] contracts included [[w:morality clause]]s, which provided for termination in the event of "immoral conduct" on the part of the actor. These included same-sex relationships, thus potentially putting the actor's career in jeopardy.<ref>Kressler, Noah B. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=869302 "Using the Morals Clause in Talent Agreements: A Historical, Legal, and Practical Guide."] ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'', Vol. 29, 13 December 2005. Retrieved: 22 September 2013.</ref>		For nearly four decades, Bogarde shared his homes, first in [[w:Amersham\|Amersham]], [[w:Buckinghamshire\|Buckinghamshire]], and then in France, with [[w:Anthony Forwood\|Anthony Forwood]], who had been married to actress [[Glynis Johns]] during the 1940s. They were together until Forwood's death in 1988. Bogarde repeatedly denied that his relationship to Forwood was anything other than platonic. This was probably untruthful, given that male homosexual acts were criminal during most of his career, and could lead to prosecution and imprisonment. [[w:The Rank Organisation\|Rank Studio]] contracts included [[w:morality clause\|morality clause]]s, which provided for termination in the event of "immoral conduct" on the part of the actor. These included same-sex relationships, thus potentially putting the actor's career in jeopardy.<ref>Kressler, Noah B. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=869302 "Using the Morals Clause in Talent Agreements: A Historical, Legal, and Practical Guide."] ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'', Vol. 29, 13 December 2005. Retrieved: 22 September 2013.</ref>

	Bogarde's refusal to enter into a [[w:marriage of convenience\|marriage of convenience]] possibly was a major reason for his failure to become a star in Hollywood, together with the critical and commercial failure of ''[[w:Song Without End\|Song Without End]]''. His friend [[w:Helena Bonham Carter\|Helena Bonham Carter]] believed he did not [[w:come out\|come out]] during later life because this would have unbearably highlighted his regret at having been forced to camouflage his sexual orientation during his film career.<ref>Coldstream 2004 p.11</ref>		Bogarde's refusal to enter into a [[w:marriage of convenience\|marriage of convenience]] possibly was a major reason for his failure to become a star in Hollywood, together with the critical and commercial failure of ''[[w:Song Without End\|Song Without End]]''. His friend [[w:Helena Bonham Carter\|Helena Bonham Carter]] believed he did not [[w:come out\|come out]] during later life because this would have unbearably highlighted his regret at having been forced to camouflage his sexual orientation during his film career.<ref>Coldstream 2004 p.11</ref>

Kurt: /* Personal life */

2022-12-01T03:55:51Z

Personal life

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:55, 30 November 2022
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	==Personal life==		==Personal life==

	For nearly four decades, Bogarde shared his homes, first in [[Amersham]], [[Buckinghamshire]], and then in France, with [[Anthony Forwood]], who had been married to actress [[Glynis Johns]] during the 1940s. They were together until Forwood's death in 1988. Bogarde repeatedly denied that his relationship to Forwood was anything other than platonic. This was probably untruthful,~~{{cn\|date=June 2022}}~~ given that male homosexual acts were criminal during most of his career, and could lead to prosecution and imprisonment. [[The Rank Organisation\|Rank Studio]] contracts included [[morality clause]]s, which provided for termination in the event of "immoral conduct" on the part of the actor. These included same-sex relationships, thus potentially putting the actor's career in jeopardy.<ref>Kressler, Noah B. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=869302 "Using the Morals Clause in Talent Agreements: A Historical, Legal, and Practical Guide."] ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'', Vol. 29, 13 December 2005. Retrieved: 22 September 2013.</ref>		For nearly four decades, Bogarde shared his homes, first in [[w:Amersham]], [[w:Buckinghamshire]], and then in France, with [[w:Anthony Forwood]], who had been married to actress [[Glynis Johns]] during the 1940s. They were together until Forwood's death in 1988. Bogarde repeatedly denied that his relationship to Forwood was anything other than platonic. This was probably untruthful, given that male homosexual acts were criminal during most of his career, and could lead to prosecution and imprisonment. [[w:The Rank Organisation\|Rank Studio]] contracts included [[w:morality clause]]s, which provided for termination in the event of "immoral conduct" on the part of the actor. These included same-sex relationships, thus potentially putting the actor's career in jeopardy.<ref>Kressler, Noah B. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=869302 "Using the Morals Clause in Talent Agreements: A Historical, Legal, and Practical Guide."] ''Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts'', Vol. 29, 13 December 2005. Retrieved: 22 September 2013.</ref>

	Bogarde's refusal to enter into a [[marriage of convenience]] possibly was a major reason for his failure to become a star in Hollywood, together with the critical and commercial failure of ''[[Song Without End]]''. His friend [[Helena Bonham Carter]] believed he did not [[come out]] during later life because this would have unbearably highlighted his regret at having been forced to camouflage his sexual orientation during his film career.<ref>Coldstream 2004 p.11</ref>		Bogarde's refusal to enter into a [[w:marriage of convenience\|marriage of convenience]] possibly was a major reason for his failure to become a star in Hollywood, together with the critical and commercial failure of ''[[w:Song Without End\|Song Without End]]''. His friend [[w:Helena Bonham Carter\|Helena Bonham Carter]] believed he did not [[w:come out\|come out]] during later life because this would have unbearably highlighted his regret at having been forced to camouflage his sexual orientation during his film career.<ref>Coldstream 2004 p.11</ref>

	==Death==		==Death==

Kurt at 03:53, 1 December 2022

2022-12-01T03:53:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:53, 30 November 2022
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	{{Short description\|English actor (1921–1999)}}~~{{Use British English\|date=January 2014}}~~		{{Short description\|English actor (1921–1999)}}
	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2014}}~~

	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| honorific_prefix = [[Knight Bachelor\|Sir]]		\| honorific_prefix = [[w:Knight Bachelor\|Sir]]
	\| name = Dirk Bogarde		\| name = Dirk Bogarde
	\| image = Dirk Bogarde Hallmark Hall of Fame.JPG		\| image = Dirk Bogarde Hallmark Hall of Fame.JPG
	\| caption = Publicity portrait, 1964		\| caption = Publicity portrait, 1964
	\| birth_name = Derek Jules Gaspard Ulric Niven van den Bogaerde		\| birth_name = Derek Jules Gaspard Ulric Niven van den Bogaerde
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1921\|3\|28\|df=yes}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1921\|03\|28\|df=yes}}
	\| birth_place = [[West Hampstead]], London, England		\| birth_place = [[w:West Hampstead]], London, England
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|1999\|5\|8\|1921\|3\|28\|df=yes}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|1999\|5\|8\|1921\|03\|28\|df=yes}}
	\| death_place = [[Chelsea, London\|Chelsea]], London, England		\| death_place = [[w:Chelsea, London\|Chelsea]], London, England
	\| partner(s) = [[Anthony Forwood]] (1949–1988; Forwood's death)		\| partner(s) = [[w:Anthony Forwood\|Anthony Forwood]] (1949–1988; Forwood's death)
	\| years_active = 1939–1990		\| years_active = 1939–1990
	\| nationality = [[English people\|English]]		\| nationality = [[w:English people\|English]]
	\| occupation = {{hlist\|Actor\|novelist\|screenwriter}}		\| occupation = {{hlist\|Actor\|novelist\|screenwriter}}
	\| website = [https://dirkbogarde.co.uk dirkbogarde.co.uk] (Dirk Bogarde Estate)		\| website = [https://dirkbogarde.co.uk dirkbogarde.co.uk] (Dirk Bogarde Estate)
	\| module = {{Infobox military person\|embed=yes		\| module = {{Infobox military person\|embed=yes
	\| allegiance = {{flagu\|United Kingdom}}		\| allegiance = {{flagu\|United Kingdom}}
	\| branch = [[British Army]]		\| branch = [[w:British Army\|British Army]]
	\| rank = [[Major]]		\| rank = [[w:Major\|Major]]
	\| battles = [[World War II]]		\| battles = [[w:World War II]]
	* [[European theater]]		* [[w:European theater\|European theater]]
	* [[Pacific Ocean theater of World War II\|Pacific theater]]		* [[w:Pacific Ocean theater of World War II\|Pacific theater]]
	}}		}}
	}}		}}

Kurt: /* External links */

2022-12-01T03:51:46Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:51, 30 November 2022
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	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{Portal\|Biography}}~~
	* [http://www.dirkbogarde.co.uk dirkbogarde.co.uk Official website of the Dirk Bogarde Estate]		* [http://www.dirkbogarde.co.uk dirkbogarde.co.uk Official website of the Dirk Bogarde Estate]
	* {{IMDb name\|0001958}}		* {{IMDb name\|0001958}}
	* Sir Dirk Bogarde at Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/pages/SIR-DIRK-BOGARDE/27978317564?ref=hl]
	* {{Screenonline name\|id=447784\|name=Dirk Bogarde}}. Biography and credits		* {{Screenonline name\|id=447784\|name=Dirk Bogarde}}. Biography and credits
	* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161350/http://www.celesteartprize.co.uk/2007/publiconlinevote/artist_6.asp Dirk Bogarde by Neil McNally]		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161350/http://www.celesteartprize.co.uk/2007/publiconlinevote/artist_6.asp Dirk Bogarde by Neil McNally]
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	* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfeDhkJ-w_8&t=12s Interview with Russell Harty in 1986]		* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfeDhkJ-w_8&t=12s Interview with Russell Harty in 1986]

	~~{{BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role}}~~
	~~{{Cannes Film Festival jury presidents}}~~

	~~{{Authority control}}~~

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Bogarde, Dirk}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Bogarde, Dirk}}
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	[[Category:English male non-fiction writers]]		[[Category:English male non-fiction writers]]
	[[Category:Royal Corps of Signals soldiers]]		[[Category:Royal Corps of Signals soldiers]]
	~~[[Category:Deaths from pulmonary embolism]]~~
	[[Category:Military personnel from London]]		[[Category:Military personnel from London]]

Kurt: 1 revision imported

2022-10-11T16:40:33Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 11:40, 11 October 2022
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en>NGPFishers at 19:57, 6 October 2022

2022-10-06T19:57:43Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 09:06, 13 January 2023
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	<blockquote>"I went to see quite a lot of them" [the targets that he had selected to be bombed], "I mean I went back to the villages and saw what I had done. I used to go [[Watercolor painting\|painting]], as you know, when I had any time off, and I went to one village in Normandy and painted it, because I had picked it particularly and it was a waste of time because everybody" [the Germans] "had got through," [villages on key roads were heavily bombed to block the roads and hinder the [[Wehrmacht]]'s movement of [[Tank\|armour]] and other vehicles that were hurriedly attempting to reach the invasion [[lodgement]] areas before the Allies gained too firm a foothold]<ref>Bogarde states that before a village was bombed by the RAF they would always drop leaflets warning the inhabitants but that sometimes the leaflets were blown away by the wind. Other air forces allocated to these same tasks, he states, "didn't drop leaflets, they just bombed everything that moved".</ref> "and I found what I had thought in the rubble were a whole row of [[Ball (association football)\|footballs]], and they weren't footballs—I was sitting right beside them, painting—and they weren't footballs, they were children's heads, and what it was, I discovered later, was a whole school of kids, a [[convent]], had been pulled out of school, out of class, and lined up in this little narrow alleyway between the buildings to save them from the bombing, and the whole thing had come in on top of them, plus the nuns, but by that time [when he was there] they were lice-ridden, and there was nothing. I can talk about it now at 65 because it's sort of, dispassionate about it, and I've seen worse things since, but that gave me a bit of a turn, yes, I didn't enjoy that. A row of kids' heads that you thought were footballs and you kick one and it wasn't, and it rolled away down the rubble."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>		<blockquote>"I went to see quite a lot of them" [the targets that he had selected to be bombed], "I mean I went back to the villages and saw what I had done. I used to go [[Watercolor painting\|painting]], as you know, when I had any time off, and I went to one village in Normandy and painted it, because I had picked it particularly and it was a waste of time because everybody" [the Germans] "had got through," [villages on key roads were heavily bombed to block the roads and hinder the [[Wehrmacht]]'s movement of [[Tank\|armour]] and other vehicles that were hurriedly attempting to reach the invasion [[lodgement]] areas before the Allies gained too firm a foothold]<ref>Bogarde states that before a village was bombed by the RAF they would always drop leaflets warning the inhabitants but that sometimes the leaflets were blown away by the wind. Other air forces allocated to these same tasks, he states, "didn't drop leaflets, they just bombed everything that moved".</ref> "and I found what I had thought in the rubble were a whole row of [[Ball (association football)\|footballs]], and they weren't footballs—I was sitting right beside them, painting—and they weren't footballs, they were children's heads, and what it was, I discovered later, was a whole school of kids, a [[convent]], had been pulled out of school, out of class, and lined up in this little narrow alleyway between the buildings to save them from the bombing, and the whole thing had come in on top of them, plus the nuns, but by that time [when he was there] they were lice-ridden, and there was nothing. I can talk about it now at 65 because it's sort of, dispassionate about it, and I've seen worse things since, but that gave me a bit of a turn, yes, I didn't enjoy that. A row of kids' heads that you thought were footballs and you kick one and it wasn't, and it rolled away down the rubble."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>

	Bogarde said he was one of the first [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] officers to reach the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] in Germany in April 1945, an experience that had the most profound effect on him and about which he found difficulty to speak for many years afterward.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Celinscak\|first=Mark\|title=Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Concentration Camp\|year=2015\|publisher=University of Toronto Press\|location=Toronto\|isbn=9781442615700}}</ref>		Bogarde said he was one of the first [[w:Allies of World War II\|Allied]] officers to reach the [[w:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] in Germany in April 1945, an experience that had the most profound effect on him and about which he found difficulty to speak for many years afterward.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Celinscak\|first=Mark\|title=Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Concentration Camp\|year=2015\|publisher=University of Toronto Press\|location=Toronto\|isbn=9781442615700}}</ref>

	~~[[File:The Liberation of Bergen-belsen Concentration Camp, April 1945 BU4274.jpg\|thumb\|Women survivors in Bergen-Belsen collecting their bread ration after their liberation, April 1945]]~~

	<blockquote>"I think it was on the 13th of April—I'm not quite sure what the date was" [it was the 15th] "—in '44" [sic, the camp was liberated on the 15th April 1945, and it was the 20th April 1945 when Bogarde made his visit] "when we opened up Belsen Camp, which was the first concentration camp any of us had seen, we didn't even know what they were, we'd heard vague rumours that they were. I mean nothing could be worse than that. The gates were opened and then I realised that I was looking at [[Dante]]'s [[Inferno (Dante)\|''Inferno'']], I mean ... I ... I still haven't seen anything as dreadful. And never will. And a girl came up who spoke English, because she recognised one of the badges, and she ... her breasts were like, sort of, empty purses, she had no top on, and a pair of man's pyjamas, you know, the prison pyjamas, and no hair. But I knew she was girl because of her breasts, which were empty. She was I suppose, oh I don't know, twenty four, twenty five, and we talked, and she was, you know, so excited and thrilled, and all around us there were mountains of dead people, I mean mountains of them, and they were slushy, and they were slimy, so when you walked through them ... or walked—you tried not to, but it was like .... well you just walked through them, and she ... there was a very nice British [[Royal Military Police\|MP]] [Royal Military Police], and he said 'Don't have any more, come away, come away sir, if you don't mind, because they've all got [[Typhoid fever\|typhoid]] and you'll get it, you shouldn't be here swanning around' and she saw in the back of the jeep, the unexpired portion of the [[Field ration\|daily ration]], wrapped in a piece of the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'', and she said could she have it, and he" [the Military Police] "said 'Don't give her food, because they eat it immediately and they die, within ten minutes', but she didn't want the food, she wanted the piece of ''Daily Mirror''—she hadn't seen [[newsprint]] for about eight years or five years, whatever it was she had been in the camp for. ... she was [[Estonia]]n. ... that's all she wanted. She gave me a big kiss, which was very moving. The corporal" [Military Police] "was out of his mind and I was just dragged off. I never saw her again, of course she died. I mean, I gather they all did. But, I can't really describe it very well, I don't really want to. I went through some of the huts and there were tiers and tiers of rotting people, but some of them who were alive underneath the rot, and were lifting their heads and trying .... trying to do the [[V sign#Second World War: V for Victory campaign\|victory thing]]. That was the worst."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>		<blockquote>"I think it was on the 13th of April—I'm not quite sure what the date was" [it was the 15th] "—in '44" [sic, the camp was liberated on the 15th April 1945, and it was the 20th April 1945 when Bogarde made his visit] "when we opened up Belsen Camp, which was the first concentration camp any of us had seen, we didn't even know what they were, we'd heard vague rumours that they were. I mean nothing could be worse than that. The gates were opened and then I realised that I was looking at [[Dante]]'s [[Inferno (Dante)\|''Inferno'']], I mean ... I ... I still haven't seen anything as dreadful. And never will. And a girl came up who spoke English, because she recognised one of the badges, and she ... her breasts were like, sort of, empty purses, she had no top on, and a pair of man's pyjamas, you know, the prison pyjamas, and no hair. But I knew she was girl because of her breasts, which were empty. She was I suppose, oh I don't know, twenty four, twenty five, and we talked, and she was, you know, so excited and thrilled, and all around us there were mountains of dead people, I mean mountains of them, and they were slushy, and they were slimy, so when you walked through them ... or walked—you tried not to, but it was like .... well you just walked through them, and she ... there was a very nice British [[Royal Military Police\|MP]] [Royal Military Police], and he said 'Don't have any more, come away, come away sir, if you don't mind, because they've all got [[Typhoid fever\|typhoid]] and you'll get it, you shouldn't be here swanning around' and she saw in the back of the jeep, the unexpired portion of the [[Field ration\|daily ration]], wrapped in a piece of the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'', and she said could she have it, and he" [the Military Police] "said 'Don't give her food, because they eat it immediately and they die, within ten minutes', but she didn't want the food, she wanted the piece of ''Daily Mirror''—she hadn't seen [[newsprint]] for about eight years or five years, whatever it was she had been in the camp for. ... she was [[Estonia]]n. ... that's all she wanted. She gave me a big kiss, which was very moving. The corporal" [Military Police] "was out of his mind and I was just dragged off. I never saw her again, of course she died. I mean, I gather they all did. But, I can't really describe it very well, I don't really want to. I went through some of the huts and there were tiers and tiers of rotting people, but some of them who were alive underneath the rot, and were lifting their heads and trying .... trying to do the [[V sign#Second World War: V for Victory campaign\|victory thing]]. That was the worst."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>

	~~[[File:Bergen Belsen Liberation 03.jpg\|thumb\|A [[British Army]] [[bulldozer]] pushes bodies into a [[mass grave]] at Belsen. April 19, 1945]]~~

	<blockquote>"After the war, I always knew that nothing, nothing, could ever be as bad ... but nothing could frighten me any more, I mean, no man could frighten me any more, no [[Film director\|director]] ... nothing could be as bad as the war, or the things I saw in the war."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>		<blockquote>"After the war, I always knew that nothing, nothing, could ever be as bad ... but nothing could frighten me any more, I mean, no man could frighten me any more, no [[Film director\|director]] ... nothing could be as bad as the war, or the things I saw in the war."<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/></blockquote>
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	There was some doubt as to whether he really visited Belsen, although his biographer John Coldstream admitted it is possible he was there.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://dirkbogarde.co.uk/dirk-bogarde-and-belsen/ \| title=Dirk Bogarde » Dirk Bogarde and Belsen }}</ref>		There was some doubt as to whether he really visited Belsen, although his biographer John Coldstream admitted it is possible he was there.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://dirkbogarde.co.uk/dirk-bogarde-and-belsen/ \| title=Dirk Bogarde » Dirk Bogarde and Belsen }}</ref>

	The horror and revulsion at the cruelty and inhumanity that he witnessed still left him with a deep-seated hostility towards Germany; in the late 1980s, he wrote that he would disembark from a [[Elevator\|lift]] rather than ride with a German of his generation.<ref>Bogarde, Dirk. "Out of the Shadows of Hell". ''For the Time Being''. London: [[Penguin Books\|Penguin]], 1988.</ref> Nevertheless, three of his more memorable film roles were as Germans, one of them as a former [[SS]] officer in ''[[The Night Porter]]'' (1974).<ref>{{IMDb title\|id=0071910\|title=The Night Porter (1974)\|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref>		The horror and revulsion at the cruelty and inhumanity that he witnessed still left him with a deep-seated hostility towards Germany; in the late 1980s, he wrote that he would disembark from a [[w:Elevator\|lift]] rather than ride with a German of his generation.<ref>Bogarde, Dirk. "Out of the Shadows of Hell". ''For the Time Being''. London: [[w:Penguin Books\|Penguin]], 1988.</ref> Nevertheless, three of his more memorable film roles were as Germans, one of them as a former [[w:SS\|SS]] officer in ''[[w:The Night Porter\|The Night Porter]]'' (1974).<ref>{{IMDb title\|id=0071910\|title=The Night Porter (1974)\|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref>

	Bogarde was most vocal towards the end of his life on [[voluntary euthanasia]], of which he became a staunch proponent after witnessing the protracted death of his lifelong partner and manager [[Anthony Forwood]] (the former husband of actress [[Glynis Johns]]) in 1988. He gave an interview to John Hofsess, London executive director of the [[Dignity in Dying\|Voluntary Euthanasia Society]]:		Bogarde was most vocal towards the end of his life on [[w:voluntary euthanasia\|voluntary euthanasia]], of which he became a staunch proponent after witnessing the protracted death of his lifelong partner and manager [[w:Anthony Forwood\|Anthony Forwood]] (the former husband of actress [[Glynis Johns]]) in 1988. He gave an interview to John Hofsess, London executive director of the [[w:Dignity in Dying\|Voluntary Euthanasia Society]]:
	<blockquote>"My views were formulated as a 24-year-old officer in Normandy ... On one occasion, the [[jeep]] ahead hit a mine ... Next thing I knew, there was this chap in the long grass beside me. A bloody bundle, [[Shrapnel (fragment)\|shrapnel]]-ripped, legless, one arm only. The one arm reached out to me, white eyeballs wide, unseeing, in the bloody mask that had been a face. A gurgling voice said, "Help. Kill me." With shaking hands I reached for my small pouch to load my revolver ... I had to look for my bullets—by which time somebody else had already taken care of him. I heard the shot. I still remember that gurgling sound. A voice pleading for death ....<br/>During the war, I saw more wounded men being "taken care of" than I saw being rescued. Because sometimes you were too far from a dressing station, sometimes you couldn't get them out. And they were pumping blood or whatever; they were in such a wreck, the only thing to do was to shoot them. And they were, so don't think they weren't. That hardens you: You get used to the fact that it can happen, and that it is the only sensible thing to do."</blockquote>		<blockquote>"My views were formulated as a 24-year-old officer in Normandy ... On one occasion, the [[w:jeep\|jeep]] ahead hit a mine ... Next thing I knew, there was this chap in the long grass beside me. A bloody bundle, [[w:Shrapnel (fragment)\|shrapnel]]-ripped, legless, one arm only. The one arm reached out to me, white eyeballs wide, unseeing, in the bloody mask that had been a face. A gurgling voice said, "Help. Kill me." With shaking hands I reached for my small pouch to load my revolver ... I had to look for my bullets—by which time somebody else had already taken care of him. I heard the shot. I still remember that gurgling sound. A voice pleading for death ....<br/>During the war, I saw more wounded men being "taken care of" than I saw being rescued. Because sometimes you were too far from a dressing station, sometimes you couldn't get them out. And they were pumping blood or whatever; they were in such a wreck, the only thing to do was to shoot them. And they were, so don't think they weren't. That hardens you: You get used to the fact that it can happen, and that it is the only sensible thing to do."</blockquote>

	==Career==		==Career==