Camp (style) - Revision history

Kurt: /* In the Western World */

2023-01-17T23:16:02Z

In the Western World

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:16, 17 January 2023
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	== In the Western World==		== In the Western World==
	The comedian [[Kenneth Williams]] wrote in a diary entry for 1 January 1947: "Went to Singapore with Stan—very camp evening, was followed, but tatty types so didn't bother to make overtures."<ref>[[Russell Davies]] (1993) ''The Kenneth Williams Diaries'', Harper-Collins Publishers {{ISBN\|978-0-00-255023-9}}</ref> Although it applies to gay men, it is a specific adjective used to describe a man who openly promotes the fact that he is gay by being outwardly garish or eccentric, for example, the character [[Daffyd Thomas]] in the English comedy skit show ''[[Little Britain]]''. "Camp" forms a strong element in UK culture, and many so-called [[gay icon]]s and objects are chosen as such because they are camp. Performers such as [[Elton John]]<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e0b5072c-7bb1-11e9-81d2-f785092ab560 \|title=Rock it, man — what Elton John teaches us about style \|work=[[Financial Times]] \|first=Robert \|last=Armstrong \|date=May 23, 2019 \|access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref> [[Kylie Minogue]], [[John Inman]], [[Lawrence Llewelyn Bowen]], [[Lulu (singer)\|Lulu]], [[Graham Norton]], [[Mika (singer)\|Mika]], [[Lesley Joseph]], [[Ruby Wax]], [[Dale Winton]] and [[Cilla Black]], as well as the [[music hall]] tradition of the [[pantomime]] are camp elements in popular culture.~~{{Citation needed\|date=September 2007}}~~ The British tradition of the "[[Last Night of the Proms]]" has been said to glory in "nostalgia, camp, and pastiche".<ref>Compare:		The comedian [[Kenneth Williams]] wrote in a diary entry for 1 January 1947: "Went to Singapore with Stan—very camp evening, was followed, but tatty types so didn't bother to make overtures."<ref>[[Russell Davies]] (1993) ''The Kenneth Williams Diaries'', Harper-Collins Publishers {{ISBN\|978-0-00-255023-9}}</ref> Although it applies to gay men, it is a specific adjective used to describe a man who openly promotes the fact that he is gay by being outwardly garish or eccentric, for example, the character [[Daffyd Thomas]] in the English comedy skit show ''[[Little Britain]]''. "Camp" forms a strong element in UK culture, and many so-called [[gay icon]]s and objects are chosen as such because they are camp. Performers such as [[Elton John]]<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e0b5072c-7bb1-11e9-81d2-f785092ab560 \|title=Rock it, man — what Elton John teaches us about style \|work=[[Financial Times]] \|first=Robert \|last=Armstrong \|date=May 23, 2019 \|access-date=12 July 2021 }}</ref> [[Kylie Minogue]], [[John Inman]], [[Lawrence Llewelyn Bowen]], [[Lulu (singer)\|Lulu]], [[Graham Norton]], [[Mika (singer)\|Mika]], [[Lesley Joseph]], [[Ruby Wax]], [[Dale Winton]] and [[Cilla Black]], as well as the [[music hall]] tradition of the [[pantomime]] are camp elements in popular culture. The British tradition of the "[[Last Night of the Proms]]" has been said to glory in "nostalgia, camp, and pastiche".<ref>Compare:
	{{citation \|last=Miller \|first=W. Watts \|date=2002 \|contribution=Secularism and the sacred: is there really something called 'secular religion'? \|editor-last=Idinopulos \|editor-first=Thomas A. \|editor2-last=Wilson \|editor2-first=Brian C. \|title=Reappraising Durkheim for the study and teaching of religion today \|series=Numen book series \|volume=92 \|pages=38–39 \|publisher=Brill \|isbn=9004123393 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC \|access-date=21 November 2010 \|quote=An English example of how the life has gone out of ''lieux de memoire'' concerns William Blake's hymn about the building of a New Jerusalem. it is still sung every year in London 's Albert Hall on the Last Night of the Proms. But it is in a fervor without faith. It brings tears to the eyes, only it is in a mixture of nostalgia, camp, 'post-modernism' and pastiche. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602203649/http://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC \|archive-date=2 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Thomas Dworzak]] published a collection of "last portrait" photographs of young [[Taliban]] soldiers about to depart for the front, found in Kabul photo studios. The '<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/thomas-dworzaks-taliban-glamour-shots\|date=29 March 2014\|access-date=15 November 2014\|first=Thea\|last=Traff\|newspaper=[[The New Yorker]]\|title=Thomas Dworzak's Taliban Glamour Shots\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127171301/http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/thomas-dworzaks-taliban-glamour-shots\|archive-date=27 November 2014\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gabriner-nat-geo">{{cite web\|url=http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2014/01/13/thomas-dworzak-mining-for-memes-on-instagram/\|access-date=15 November 2014\|publisher=[[World Press Photo]]\|title=2000, Thomas Dworzak, 1st prize, Spot News stories\|date=13 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129013633/http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2014/01/13/thomas-dworzak-mining-for-memes-on-instagram/\|archive-date=29 November 2014\|url-status=live}}</ref> book attests to a campy esthetic, quite close to the [[Gay movement\|gay movement in California]] or a [[Peter Greenaway]] film.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Vom Nachttisch geräumt nachttisch 10.6.03 vom 10 June 2003 von Arno Widmann – Perlentaucher\|url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/vom-nachttisch-geraeumt/nachttisch-10-6-03.html\|publisher=perlentaucher.de\|access-date=2015-11-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090811/https://www.perlentaucher.de/vom-nachttisch-geraeumt/nachttisch-10-6-03.html\|archive-date=4 March 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>		{{citation \|last=Miller \|first=W. Watts \|date=2002 \|contribution=Secularism and the sacred: is there really something called 'secular religion'? \|editor-last=Idinopulos \|editor-first=Thomas A. \|editor2-last=Wilson \|editor2-first=Brian C. \|title=Reappraising Durkheim for the study and teaching of religion today \|series=Numen book series \|volume=92 \|pages=38–39 \|publisher=Brill \|isbn=9004123393 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC \|access-date=21 November 2010 \|quote=An English example of how the life has gone out of ''lieux de memoire'' concerns William Blake's hymn about the building of a New Jerusalem. it is still sung every year in London 's Albert Hall on the Last Night of the Proms. But it is in a fervor without faith. It brings tears to the eyes, only it is in a mixture of nostalgia, camp, 'post-modernism' and pastiche. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602203649/http://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC \|archive-date=2 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Thomas Dworzak]] published a collection of "last portrait" photographs of young [[Taliban]] soldiers about to depart for the front, found in Kabul photo studios. The '<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/thomas-dworzaks-taliban-glamour-shots\|date=29 March 2014\|access-date=15 November 2014\|first=Thea\|last=Traff\|newspaper=[[The New Yorker]]\|title=Thomas Dworzak's Taliban Glamour Shots\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127171301/http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/thomas-dworzaks-taliban-glamour-shots\|archive-date=27 November 2014\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gabriner-nat-geo">{{cite web\|url=http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2014/01/13/thomas-dworzak-mining-for-memes-on-instagram/\|access-date=15 November 2014\|publisher=[[World Press Photo]]\|title=2000, Thomas Dworzak, 1st prize, Spot News stories\|date=13 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129013633/http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2014/01/13/thomas-dworzak-mining-for-memes-on-instagram/\|archive-date=29 November 2014\|url-status=live}}</ref> book attests to a campy esthetic, quite close to the [[Gay movement\|gay movement in California]] or a [[Peter Greenaway]] film.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Vom Nachttisch geräumt nachttisch 10.6.03 vom 10 June 2003 von Arno Widmann – Perlentaucher\|url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/vom-nachttisch-geraeumt/nachttisch-10-6-03.html\|publisher=perlentaucher.de\|access-date=2015-11-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090811/https://www.perlentaucher.de/vom-nachttisch-geraeumt/nachttisch-10-6-03.html\|archive-date=4 March 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kurt: /* In the Western World */

2023-01-17T23:15:11Z

In the Western World

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:15, 17 January 2023
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	{{citation \|last=Miller \|first=W. Watts \|date=2002 \|contribution=Secularism and the sacred: is there really something called 'secular religion'? \|editor-last=Idinopulos \|editor-first=Thomas A. \|editor2-last=Wilson \|editor2-first=Brian C. \|title=Reappraising Durkheim for the study and teaching of religion today \|series=Numen book series \|volume=92 \|pages=38–39 \|publisher=Brill \|isbn=9004123393 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC \|access-date=21 November 2010 \|quote=An English example of how the life has gone out of ''lieux de memoire'' concerns William Blake's hymn about the building of a New Jerusalem. it is still sung every year in London 's Albert Hall on the Last Night of the Proms. But it is in a fervor without faith. It brings tears to the eyes, only it is in a mixture of nostalgia, camp, 'post-modernism' and pastiche. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602203649/http://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC \|archive-date=2 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Thomas Dworzak]] published a collection of "last portrait" photographs of young [[Taliban]] soldiers about to depart for the front, found in Kabul photo studios. The '<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/thomas-dworzaks-taliban-glamour-shots\|date=29 March 2014\|access-date=15 November 2014\|first=Thea\|last=Traff\|newspaper=[[The New Yorker]]\|title=Thomas Dworzak's Taliban Glamour Shots\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127171301/http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/thomas-dworzaks-taliban-glamour-shots\|archive-date=27 November 2014\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gabriner-nat-geo">{{cite web\|url=http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2014/01/13/thomas-dworzak-mining-for-memes-on-instagram/\|access-date=15 November 2014\|publisher=[[World Press Photo]]\|title=2000, Thomas Dworzak, 1st prize, Spot News stories\|date=13 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129013633/http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2014/01/13/thomas-dworzak-mining-for-memes-on-instagram/\|archive-date=29 November 2014\|url-status=live}}</ref> book attests to a campy esthetic, quite close to the [[Gay movement\|gay movement in California]] or a [[Peter Greenaway]] film.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Vom Nachttisch geräumt nachttisch 10.6.03 vom 10 June 2003 von Arno Widmann – Perlentaucher\|url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/vom-nachttisch-geraeumt/nachttisch-10-6-03.html\|publisher=perlentaucher.de\|access-date=2015-11-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090811/https://www.perlentaucher.de/vom-nachttisch-geraeumt/nachttisch-10-6-03.html\|archive-date=4 March 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>		{{citation \|last=Miller \|first=W. Watts \|date=2002 \|contribution=Secularism and the sacred: is there really something called 'secular religion'? \|editor-last=Idinopulos \|editor-first=Thomas A. \|editor2-last=Wilson \|editor2-first=Brian C. \|title=Reappraising Durkheim for the study and teaching of religion today \|series=Numen book series \|volume=92 \|pages=38–39 \|publisher=Brill \|isbn=9004123393 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC \|access-date=21 November 2010 \|quote=An English example of how the life has gone out of ''lieux de memoire'' concerns William Blake's hymn about the building of a New Jerusalem. it is still sung every year in London 's Albert Hall on the Last Night of the Proms. But it is in a fervor without faith. It brings tears to the eyes, only it is in a mixture of nostalgia, camp, 'post-modernism' and pastiche. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602203649/http://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC \|archive-date=2 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Thomas Dworzak]] published a collection of "last portrait" photographs of young [[Taliban]] soldiers about to depart for the front, found in Kabul photo studios. The '<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/thomas-dworzaks-taliban-glamour-shots\|date=29 March 2014\|access-date=15 November 2014\|first=Thea\|last=Traff\|newspaper=[[The New Yorker]]\|title=Thomas Dworzak's Taliban Glamour Shots\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127171301/http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/thomas-dworzaks-taliban-glamour-shots\|archive-date=27 November 2014\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gabriner-nat-geo">{{cite web\|url=http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2014/01/13/thomas-dworzak-mining-for-memes-on-instagram/\|access-date=15 November 2014\|publisher=[[World Press Photo]]\|title=2000, Thomas Dworzak, 1st prize, Spot News stories\|date=13 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129013633/http://proof.nationalgeographic.com/2014/01/13/thomas-dworzak-mining-for-memes-on-instagram/\|archive-date=29 November 2014\|url-status=live}}</ref> book attests to a campy esthetic, quite close to the [[Gay movement\|gay movement in California]] or a [[Peter Greenaway]] film.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Vom Nachttisch geräumt nachttisch 10.6.03 vom 10 June 2003 von Arno Widmann – Perlentaucher\|url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/vom-nachttisch-geraeumt/nachttisch-10-6-03.html\|publisher=perlentaucher.de\|access-date=2015-11-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090811/https://www.perlentaucher.de/vom-nachttisch-geraeumt/nachttisch-10-6-03.html\|archive-date=4 March 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	The Australian theatre and opera director [[Barrie Kosky]] is renowned for his use of camp in interpreting the works of the [[Western canon]], including [[Shakespeare]], [[Wagner]], [[Molière]], [[Seneca the Younger\|Seneca]] and [[Kafka]]; his 2006 eight-hour production for the Sydney Theatre Company ''The Lost Echo'' was based on [[Ovid]]'s ''Metamorphoses'' and [[Euripides]]'s ''[[The Bacchae]]''. In the first act ("The Song of Phaeton"), for instance, the goddess [[Juno (mythology)\|Juno]] takes the form of a highly stylized [[Marlene Dietrich]], and the musical arrangements feature [[Noël Coward]] and [[Cole Porter]]. Kosky's use of camp is also effectively employed to satirize the pretensions, manners, and cultural vacuity of Australia's suburban [[middle class]], which is suggestive of the style of [[Dame Edna Everage]]. For example, in ''The Lost Echo'' Kosky employs a chorus of [[Secondary school\|high school]] girls and boys: one girl in the chorus takes leave from the goddess Diana, and begins to rehearse a dance routine, muttering to herself in a broad Australian accent, "Mum says I have to practice if I want to be on ''[[Australian Idol]]''." Australian writer/director Baz Luhrmann, in particular "Strictly Ballroom", constitutes another example.~~{{fact\|date=September 2021}}~~		The Australian theatre and opera director [[Barrie Kosky]] is renowned for his use of camp in interpreting the works of the [[Western canon]], including [[Shakespeare]], [[Wagner]], [[Molière]], [[Seneca the Younger\|Seneca]] and [[Kafka]]; his 2006 eight-hour production for the Sydney Theatre Company ''The Lost Echo'' was based on [[Ovid]]'s ''Metamorphoses'' and [[Euripides]]'s ''[[The Bacchae]]''. In the first act ("The Song of Phaeton"), for instance, the goddess [[Juno (mythology)\|Juno]] takes the form of a highly stylized [[Marlene Dietrich]], and the musical arrangements feature [[Noël Coward]] and [[Cole Porter]]. Kosky's use of camp is also effectively employed to satirize the pretensions, manners, and cultural vacuity of Australia's suburban [[middle class]], which is suggestive of the style of [[Dame Edna Everage]]. For example, in ''The Lost Echo'' Kosky employs a chorus of [[Secondary school\|high school]] girls and boys: one girl in the chorus takes leave from the goddess Diana, and begins to rehearse a dance routine, muttering to herself in a broad Australian accent, "Mum says I have to practice if I want to be on ''[[Australian Idol]]''." Australian writer/director Baz Luhrmann, in particular "Strictly Ballroom", constitutes another example.

	Since 2000, the [[Eurovision Song Contest]], an annually televised competition of song performers from different countries, has shown an increasing element of camp—since the contest has shown an increasing attraction within the gay communities—in their stage performances, especially during the televised finale, which is screened live across Europe. As it is a visual show, many [[Eurovision]] performances attempt to attract the attention of the voters through means other than the music, which sometimes leads to bizarre onstage gimmicks, and what some critics have called "the Eurovision kitsch drive", with almost cartoonish novelty acts performing.~~{{fact\|date=September 2021}}~~		Since 2000, the [[Eurovision Song Contest]], an annually televised competition of song performers from different countries, has shown an increasing element of camp—since the contest has shown an increasing attraction within the gay communities—in their stage performances, especially during the televised finale, which is screened live across Europe. As it is a visual show, many [[Eurovision]] performances attempt to attract the attention of the voters through means other than the music, which sometimes leads to bizarre onstage gimmicks, and what some critics have called "the Eurovision kitsch drive", with almost cartoonish novelty acts performing.

	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

Kurt: /* Music */

2023-01-17T23:14:27Z

Music

Show changes

Kurt: /* Literature */

2023-01-17T15:39:28Z

Literature

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:39, 17 January 2023
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	== Literature ==		== Literature ==
	The first post-World War II use of the word in print may be [[Christopher Isherwood]]'s 1954 novel ''The World in the Evening'', where he comments: "You can't camp about something you don't take seriously. You're not making fun of it; you're making fun ''out'' of it. You're expressing what's basically serious to you in terms of fun and artifice and elegance." In the American writer [[Susan Sontag]]'s 1964 essay ''[[Notes on "Camp"]]'', Sontag emphasized artifice, frivolity, naïve middle-class pretentiousness, and shocking excess as key elements of camp. Examples cited by Sontag included [[Tiffany lamp]]s, the drawings of [[Aubrey Beardsley]], Tchaikovsky's ballet ''[[Swan Lake]]'', and Japanese science fiction films such as [[Rodan (film)\|''Rodan'']], and ''[[The Mysterians]]'' of the 1950s.~~{{fact\|date=September 2021}}~~		The first post-World War II use of the word in print may be [[Christopher Isherwood]]'s 1954 novel ''The World in the Evening'', where he comments: "You can't camp about something you don't take seriously. You're not making fun of it; you're making fun ''out'' of it. You're expressing what's basically serious to you in terms of fun and artifice and elegance." In the American writer [[Susan Sontag]]'s 1964 essay ''[[Notes on "Camp"]]'', Sontag emphasized artifice, frivolity, naïve middle-class pretentiousness, and shocking excess as key elements of camp. Examples cited by Sontag included [[Tiffany lamp]]s, the drawings of [[Aubrey Beardsley]], Tchaikovsky's ballet ''[[Swan Lake]]'', and Japanese science fiction films such as [[Rodan (film)\|''Rodan'']], and ''[[The Mysterians]]'' of the 1950s.

	In Mark Booth's 1983 book ''Camp'', he defines camp as "to present oneself as being committed to the marginal with a commitment greater than the marginal merits". He makes a distinction between genuine camp, and ''camp fads and fancies'', things that are not intrinsically camp, but display artificiality, stylization, theatricality, naivety, sexual ambiguity, tackiness, poor taste, stylishness, or portray camp people, and thus appeal to them.~~{{fact\|date=September 2021}}~~		In Mark Booth's 1983 book ''Camp'', he defines camp as "to present oneself as being committed to the marginal with a commitment greater than the marginal merits". He makes a distinction between genuine camp, and ''camp fads and fancies'', things that are not intrinsically camp, but display artificiality, stylization, theatricality, naivety, sexual ambiguity, tackiness, poor taste, stylishness, or portray camp people, and thus appeal to them.

	==Analysis==		==Analysis==

Kurt: /* Origins and development */

2023-01-17T15:38:08Z

Origins and development

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:38, 17 January 2023
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	According to the dictionary, this sense is "etymologically obscure". ''Camp'' in this sense has been suggested to have possibly derived from the French term ''se camper'', meaning "to pose in an exaggerated fashion".<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Harper\|first1=Douglas\|title=camp (adj.) \|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=camp\|website=Online Etymology Dictionary\|access-date=21 August 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914223354/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=camp\|archive-date=14 September 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://atilf.atilf.fr/academie9.htm Entry "camper"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514222153/http://atilf.atilf.fr/academie9.htm \|date=14 May 2011 }}, in: ''[[Dictionnaire de l'Académie française]]'', ninth edition (1992). "'''2.''' Fam: Placer avec fermeté, avec insolence ou selon ses aises.] ''Il me parlait, le chapeau campé sur la tête.'' Surtout pron. ''Se camper solidement dans son fauteuil. Se camper à la meilleure place. Il se campa devant son adversaire.'' '''3.''' En parlant d'un acteur, d'un artiste: Figurer avec force et relief. ''Camper son personnage sur la scène. Camper une figure dans un tableau, des caractères dans un roman''." ('''Familiar:''' To assume a defiant, insolent or [[wiktionary:devil-may-care\|devil-may-care]] attitude. '''Theatre:''' To perform with forcefulness and [[wikt:exaggeration\|exaggeration]]; [[wiktionary:overact\|to overact]]; To impose one's character assertively into a scene; [[wiktionary:upstage\|to upstage]].)</ref> Later, it evolved into a general description of the aesthetic choices and behavior of working-class [[gay men]].<ref name=newton>Esther Newton (1978): ''Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America'', University of Chicago Press. {{worldcat\|name=''Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America''\|oclc=257048012}}.</ref> The concept of camp was described by [[Christopher Isherwood]] in 1954 in his novel ''[[The World in the Evening]]'', and then in 1964 by [[Susan Sontag]] in her essay and book ''[[Notes on "Camp"]]''.<ref name="Sontag2019">{{cite book\|author=Susan Sontag\|title=Notes on "Camp"\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gcqcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT4\|date=14 June 2019\|publisher=Picador\|isbn=978-1-250-62134-4\|page=4}}</ref>		According to the dictionary, this sense is "etymologically obscure". ''Camp'' in this sense has been suggested to have possibly derived from the French term ''se camper'', meaning "to pose in an exaggerated fashion".<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Harper\|first1=Douglas\|title=camp (adj.) \|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=camp\|website=Online Etymology Dictionary\|access-date=21 August 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914223354/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=camp\|archive-date=14 September 2016\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://atilf.atilf.fr/academie9.htm Entry "camper"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514222153/http://atilf.atilf.fr/academie9.htm \|date=14 May 2011 }}, in: ''[[Dictionnaire de l'Académie française]]'', ninth edition (1992). "'''2.''' Fam: Placer avec fermeté, avec insolence ou selon ses aises.] ''Il me parlait, le chapeau campé sur la tête.'' Surtout pron. ''Se camper solidement dans son fauteuil. Se camper à la meilleure place. Il se campa devant son adversaire.'' '''3.''' En parlant d'un acteur, d'un artiste: Figurer avec force et relief. ''Camper son personnage sur la scène. Camper une figure dans un tableau, des caractères dans un roman''." ('''Familiar:''' To assume a defiant, insolent or [[wiktionary:devil-may-care\|devil-may-care]] attitude. '''Theatre:''' To perform with forcefulness and [[wikt:exaggeration\|exaggeration]]; [[wiktionary:overact\|to overact]]; To impose one's character assertively into a scene; [[wiktionary:upstage\|to upstage]].)</ref> Later, it evolved into a general description of the aesthetic choices and behavior of working-class [[gay men]].<ref name=newton>Esther Newton (1978): ''Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America'', University of Chicago Press. {{worldcat\|name=''Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America''\|oclc=257048012}}.</ref> The concept of camp was described by [[Christopher Isherwood]] in 1954 in his novel ''[[The World in the Evening]]'', and then in 1964 by [[Susan Sontag]] in her essay and book ''[[Notes on "Camp"]]''.<ref name="Sontag2019">{{cite book\|author=Susan Sontag\|title=Notes on "Camp"\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gcqcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT4\|date=14 June 2019\|publisher=Picador\|isbn=978-1-250-62134-4\|page=4}}</ref>

	The rise of [[post-modernism]] made ''camp'' a common perspective on aesthetics, not identified with any specific group. The camp perspective was originally a distinctive aspect of pre-[[Stonewall riots\|Stonewall]] [[gay culture]] , where it was the dominant idiom. It originated from the understanding of gayness as [[effeminacy]].<ref name=newton /> Two key components of camp were originally feminine performances: [[Swish (slang)\|swish]] and [[drag (clothing)\|drag]]. With swish featuring extensive use of superlatives, and drag being exaggerated female impersonation, camp became extended to all things "over the top", including women posing as female impersonators ([[faux queen]]s), as in the [[exaggeration\|exaggerated]] Hollywood character of [[Carmen Miranda]]. It was this version of the concept that was adopted by literary and art critics and became a part of the conceptual array of 1960s culture.~~{{what\|date=May 2022}}~~ Moe Meyer{{who\|date=May 2022}} still defines ''camp'' as "queer parody".<ref>Moe Meyer (2010): ''An Archaeology of Posing: Essays on Camp, Drag, and Sexuality'', Macater Press, {{ISBN\|978-0-9814924-5-2}}.</ref><ref>Moe Meyer (2011): ''The Politics and Poetics of Camp'', Routledge, {{ISBN\|978-0-415-51489-7}}.</ref>		The rise of [[post-modernism]] made ''camp'' a common perspective on aesthetics, not identified with any specific group. The camp perspective was originally a distinctive aspect of pre-[[Stonewall riots\|Stonewall]] [[gay culture]] , where it was the dominant idiom. It originated from the understanding of gayness as [[effeminacy]].<ref name=newton /> Two key components of camp were originally feminine performances: [[Swish (slang)\|swish]] and [[drag (clothing)\|drag]]. With swish featuring extensive use of superlatives, and drag being exaggerated female impersonation, camp became extended to all things "over the top", including women posing as female impersonators ([[faux queen]]s), as in the [[exaggeration\|exaggerated]] Hollywood character of [[Carmen Miranda]]. It was this version of the concept that was adopted by literary and art critics and became a part of the conceptual array of 1960s culture. Moe Meyer{{who\|date=May 2022}} still defines ''camp'' as "queer parody".<ref>Moe Meyer (2010): ''An Archaeology of Posing: Essays on Camp, Drag, and Sexuality'', Macater Press, {{ISBN\|978-0-9814924-5-2}}.</ref><ref>Moe Meyer (2011): ''The Politics and Poetics of Camp'', Routledge, {{ISBN\|978-0-415-51489-7}}.</ref>

	== Contemporary culture ==		== Contemporary culture ==

Kurt at 15:37, 17 January 2023

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	~~{{Redirect\|Campy}}~~
	{{short description\|Ostentatious style (late 19th century - current)}}		{{short description\|Ostentatious style (late 19th century - current)}}
	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2020}}~~
	~~{{Use American English\|date=June 2019}}~~

	'''Camp''' is an [[aesthetic]] style and sensibility that regards something as appealing because of its bad [[taste (sociology)\|taste]] and [[irony\|ironic]] value.<ref>Babuscio (1993, 20), Feil (2005, 478), Morrill (1994, 110), Shugart and Waggoner (2008, 33), and Van Leer (1995)</ref> Camp aesthetics disrupt many of [[modernism]]'s notions of what art is and what can be classified as [[high art]] by inverting aesthetic attributes such as beauty, value, and taste through an invitation of a different kind of apprehension and consumption.<ref name="MallaMcGillis2005">{{cite journal \|author1=Kerry Malla \|editor1-last=Roderick McGillis \|title=Between a Frock and a Hard Place: Camp Aesthetics and Children's Culture \|journal=Canadian Review of American Studies \|date=January 2005 \|volume=35 \|issue=1 \|pages=1–3 \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27477842 \|access-date=10 October 2019}}</ref>		'''Camp''' is an [[aesthetic]] style and sensibility that regards something as appealing because of its bad [[taste (sociology)\|taste]] and [[irony\|ironic]] value.<ref>Babuscio (1993, 20), Feil (2005, 478), Morrill (1994, 110), Shugart and Waggoner (2008, 33), and Van Leer (1995)</ref> Camp aesthetics disrupt many of [[modernism]]'s notions of what art is and what can be classified as [[high art]] by inverting aesthetic attributes such as beauty, value, and taste through an invitation of a different kind of apprehension and consumption.<ref name="MallaMcGillis2005">{{cite journal \|author1=Kerry Malla \|editor1-last=Roderick McGillis \|title=Between a Frock and a Hard Place: Camp Aesthetics and Children's Culture \|journal=Canadian Review of American Studies \|date=January 2005 \|volume=35 \|issue=1 \|pages=1–3 \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27477842 \|access-date=10 October 2019}}</ref>

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	* ''[https://classes.dma.ucla.edu/Spring15/104/Susan%20Sontag_%20Notes%20On%20-Camp-.pdf Notes on "Camp"]'' by [[Susan Sontag]]		* ''[https://classes.dma.ucla.edu/Spring15/104/Susan%20Sontag_%20Notes%20On%20-Camp-.pdf Notes on "Camp"]'' by [[Susan Sontag]]

	~~{{Authority control}}~~
	[[Category:1900s neologisms]]		[[Category:1900s neologisms]]
	[[Category:Gay effeminacy]]		[[Category:Gay effeminacy]]

Kurt: 1 revision imported

2022-08-01T21:29:17Z

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