View source for Barry Humphries

{{short description|Australian actor and comedian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name             = Barry Humphries
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|AO|CBE}}
| image            = Barry Humphries July 2001.jpg
| caption          = Humphries in 2001
| birth_name       = John Barry Humphries
| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1934|02|17|df=y}}
| birth_place      = [[Kew, Melbourne|Kew]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], Australia
| nationality      = <!-- Per [[WP:INFOBOXNTLY]]: nationality/citizenship "should be avoided when the country to which the subject belongs can be inferred from the country of birth." -->
| alma_mater       = [[University of Melbourne]]
| occupation       = {{hlist|Actor|author|artist|comedian|satirist}}
| spouse           = {{Ubl
  | {{marriage|Brenda Wright|1955|1957|end=divorced}}
  | {{marriage|Rosalind Tong|1959|1970|end=divorced}}
  | {{marriage|Diane Millstead|1979|1989|end=divorced}}
  | {{marriage|[[Elizabeth Spender|Elizabeth "Lizzie" Spender]]|1990}}
  }}
| children         = 4, including [[Tessa Humphries|Tessa]] and [[Oscar Humphries|Oscar]]
| module           = {{Infobox comedian
| embed            = yes
| active           = 1953–present
| genre            = {{Hlist | [[Character comedy]] | [[satire]]}}
| notable_work     = {{Ubl | [[Dame Edna Everage]] | [[Sir Les Patterson]] | [[Sandy Stone (character)|Sandy Stone]] }}
}}
}}

'''John Barry Humphries''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|AO|CBE}} (born 17 February 1934) is an Australian [[comedian]], [[actor]], [[author]] and [[satirist]]. He is best known for writing and playing his on-stage and television alter egos [[Dame Edna Everage]] and [[Sir Les Patterson]]. He is also a film producer and script writer, a star of London's [[West End theatre|West End]] musical theatre, a writer, and a landscape painter. For his delivery of [[dada]]ist and [[Absurdism|absurdist]] humour to millions, biographer Anne Pender described Humphries in 2010 as not only "the most significant theatrical figure of our time … [but] the most significant [[comedian]] to emerge since [[Charlie Chaplin]]".<ref>[http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/entertainment/books/absurd-moments-in-the-frocks-of-the-dame-20100914-15ar3.html "Absurd moments: in the frocks of the dame"] by Steve Meacham, ''[[Brisbane Times]]'' (15 September 2010)</ref>

Humphries' characters have brought him international renown, and he also appeared in numerous stage productions, films, and television shows. Originally conceived as a dowdy [[Moonee Ponds, Victoria|Moonee Ponds]] housewife who caricatured Australian suburban complacency and insularity, Dame Edna Everage has evolved over four decades to become a satire of stardom – a gaudily dressed, acid-tongued, egomaniacal, internationally fêted Housewife "Gigastar".

Humphries' other satirical characters include the "priapic and inebriated cultural attaché" Sir Les Patterson, who has "continued to bring worldwide discredit upon Australian arts and culture, while contributing as much to the Australian vernacular as he has borrowed from it"; gentle, grandfatherly "returned gentleman" [[Sandy Stone (character)|Sandy Stone]]; iconoclastic 1960s underground film-maker Martin Agrippa; [[Paddington, New South Wales|Paddington]] socialist academic Neil Singleton; sleazy trade union official Lance Boyle; high-pressure art salesman Morrie O'Connor; failed tycoon Owen Steele; and archetypal Australian [[wikt:bloke|bloke]] [[Barry McKenzie]].

==Early life==
Humphries was born on 17 February 1934 in the suburb of [[Kew, Victoria|Kew]] in [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]],<ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/20/Barry-Humphries.html "Barry Humphries Biography (1934–)"], filmreference.com</ref><ref name=Age2005>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/passionate-pilgrim/2005/10/06/1128562941049.html "Return of a passionate pilgrim"] by Barry Humphries, ''[[The Age]]'' (7 October 2005)</ref> the son of Eric Humphries (John Albert Eric Humphries), a construction manager, and his wife Louisa Agnes (Brown).<ref>{{Cite book |title=One Man Show: The Stages of Barry Humphries |first=Anne |last=Pender |publisher=ABC Books ([[HarperCollins]])|year=2011 |isbn=978-0-73-049606-9}}</ref> His grandfather was an emigrant to Australia from [[Manchester]], England. His father was well-to-do and Barry grew up in a "clean, tasteful, and modern home" on Christowel Street, [[Camberwell, Victoria|Camberwell]],<ref name=Age2005 /> then one of Melbourne's new "[[garden suburb]]s". His early home life set the pattern for his eventual stage career; his parents bought him everything he wanted, but his father in particular spent little time with him, and Humphries spent hours playing at dressing-up in the back garden.

{{blockquote|text=Disguising myself as different characters and I had a whole box of dressing up clothes ... Red Indian, sailor suit, Chinese costume and I was very spoiled in that way ... I also found that entertaining people gave me a great feeling of release, making people laugh was a very good way of befriending them. People couldn't hit you if they were laughing.}}

His parents nicknamed him "Sunny Sam", and his early childhood was happy and uneventful. However, in his teens Humphries began to rebel against the strictures of conventional suburban life by becoming "artistic", much to the dismay of his parents who, despite their affluence, distrusted "art". A key event took place when he was nine – his mother gave all his books to [[The Salvation Army]], cheerfully explaining: "But you've read them, Barry".

Humphries responded by becoming a voracious reader, a collector of rare books, a painter, a theatre fan and a [[Surrealism|surrealist]]. Dressing up in a black cloak, black homburg and mascaraed eyes, he invented his first sustained character, "Dr Aaron Azimuth", [[agent provocateur]], [[dandy]] and [[Dada]]ist.

==Education==
Educated firstly at [[Camberwell Grammar School]], Humphries has been awarded his place in the Gallery of Achievement there. As his father's building business prospered, Humphries was sent to [[Melbourne Grammar School]] where he spurned sport, detested mathematics, shirked cadets "on the basis of conscientious objection" and [[Secondary education#Australia|matriculated]] with brilliant results in English and Art. Humphries himself described this schooling, in a ''[[Who's Who]]'' entry, as "self-educated, attended Melbourne Grammar School".<ref>{{cite book|url = http://www.the-rathouse.com/PC_TheRealBH.html|title = The Real Barry Humphries?|access-date = 26 February 2009|last = Coleman|first = Peter|author-link = Peter Coleman|year = 1990|publisher=Robson | isbn=0-86051-678-4 }}</ref>

Humphries spent two years studying at the [[University of Melbourne]], where he studied Law, Philosophy and Fine Arts. He did not graduate (although he would receive an honorary doctorate almost 50 years later).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2003/s907845.htm|url-status=live|title=Barry Humphries accepts honorary doctorate|website=abc.net.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030818145959/http://www.abc.net.au:80/pm/content/2003/s907845.htm |archive-date=18 August 2003 }}</ref> During this time he became Australia's leading exponent of the deconstructive and absurdist art movement, [[Dada]]. The Dadaist pranks and performances he mounted in Melbourne were experiments in anarchy and visual satire which have become part of Australian folklore. An exhibit entitled "Pus in Boots" consisted of a pair of [[Wellington boot]]s filled with custard; a mock pesticide product called "Platytox" claimed on its box to be effective against the [[platypus]], a beloved and protected species in Australia. He was part of a group that made a series of Dada-influenced recordings in Melbourne from 1952 to 1953. "Wubbo Music" (Humphries has said that "wubbo" is a pseudo-Aboriginal word meaning "nothing") is thought to be one of the earliest recordings of [[experimental music]] in Australia. Other exhibits include "Creche Bang", a pram covered in meat and "Eye and Spoon Race", a spoon with a sheep's eye.<ref>[[Craig Brown (satirist)|Brown, Craig]]: ''One on One'', p. 292, 2011 {{ISBN|978-0-00-736062-8}}</ref>

Humphries was legendary for his provocative public pranks. One infamous example involved Humphries dressing as a Frenchman, with an accomplice dressed as a blind person; the accomplice would board a tram, followed soon after by Humphries. At the appropriate juncture Humphries would force his way past the "blind" man, yelling "Get out of my way, you disgusting blind person", kicking him viciously in the shins and then jumping off the tram and making his escape in a waiting car.

An even more extreme example was his notorious "sick bag" prank. This involved carrying on to an aircraft a tin of [[Heinz]] [[Russian Salad]], which he would then surreptitiously empty into an air-sickness bag. At the appropriate point in the flight, he would pretend to vomit loudly and violently into the bag. Then, to the horror of passengers and crew, he would proceed to eat the contents. One [[April Fools' Day]] Humphries placed a roast dinner and glass of champagne in an inner-city rubbish bin. Later in the morning, when there were many businesspeople queuing at a nearby building, Humphries approached the group as a dirty, dishevelled man. He walked to the bin, opened the lid and proceeded to lift the roast and glass of champagne and drink from the glass. Much to the amazement of those watching, he found a suitable seating area and began to eat the meal. Such stunts were the early manifestations of a lifelong interest in the bizarre, discomforting, and subversive.

==Early career in Australia==
Humphries had written and performed songs and sketches in university revues, so after leaving university he joined the newly formed [[Melbourne Theatre Company]] (MTC). It was at this point that he created the first incarnation of what became his best-known character, [[Edna Everage]]. The first stage sketch to feature Mrs Norm Everage, called "Olympic Hostess", premiered at Melbourne University's Union Theatre on 12 December 1955. In his award-winning autobiography, ''More Please'' (1992), Humphries relates that he had created a character similar to Edna in the back of a bus while touring country Victoria in ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' with the MTC at the age of 20. He credited his then mentor, [[Peter O'Shaughnessy]], that without his "nurturing and promotion, the character of Edna Everage would have been nipped in the bud after 1956 and never come to flower, while the character of Sandy Stone would never have taken shape as a presence on the stage".<ref>{{Cite book|first=Barry|last=Humphries|title=More Please|year=1992|publisher=Viking|pages=176–177}}</ref>

In 1957 Humphries moved to Sydney and joined Sydney's [[Phillip Street Theatre]], which became Australia's leading venue for revue and satirical comedy over the next decade. His first appearance at Phillip Street was in the satirical revue ''Two to One'', starring veteran Australian musical star Max Oldaker, with a cast including Humphries and future ''[[Number 96 (TV series)|Number 96]]'' star [[Wendy Blacklock]]. Although he had originally assumed Edna's debut Melbourne appearance would be a one-off, Humphries decided to revive "Olympic Hostess" for Phillip Street and its success helped to launch what became a fifty-year career for the self-proclaimed "Housewife Superstar" (later Megastar, then Gigastar).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Rob|last2=Smiedt|first2=David|year=1999|page=142|title=Boom-boom!|location=Rydalmere|publisher=Hodder Headline|isbn=9780733609381}}</ref>

The next Phillip Street revue was ''Around the Loop'', which again teamed Oldaker, [[Gordon Chater]], Blacklock and Humphries, plus newcomer [[June Salter]]. Humphries revived the Edna character (for what he said would be the last time) and the revue proved to be a major hit, playing eight shows a week for 14 months. During this period Humphries was living near [[Bondi, New South Wales|Bondi]] and while out walking one day he had a chance meeting with an elderly man who had a high, scratchy voice and a pedantic manner of speech; this encounter inspired the creation of another of Humphries' most enduring characters, [[Sandy Stone (character)|Sandy Stone]].{{sfn|Johnson|Smiedt|1999|p=143}}

In September 1957, Humphries appeared as [[Estragon]] in ''[[Waiting for Godot]]'', in Australia's first production of the [[Samuel Beckett]] play at the Arrow Theatre in Melbourne directed by [[Peter O'Shaughnessy]] who played Vladimir.<ref>[https://anu.academia.edu/russellsmith/Papers/1121177/Samuel_Becketts_Reception_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand_with_Chris_Ackerley_._Matthew_Feldman_and_Mark_Nixon_eds._The_International_Reception_of_Samuel_Beckett._London_Continuum_2009._108-128 "Samuel Beckett's Reception in Australia and New Zealand"], by Russell Smith and Chris Ackerley, in ''The International Reception of Samuel Beckett'', Matthew Feldman and Mark Dixon eds. London, Continuum 2009 pp. 108–128.</ref>

In 1958, Humphries and O'Shaughnessy collaborated on and appeared in the ''Rock'n'Reel Revue'' at the New Theatre in Melbourne where Humphries brought the characters of Mrs Everage and Sandy Stone into the psyche of Melbourne audiences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://peteroshaughnessy.info/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102064742/http://peteroshaughnessy.info/|url-status=dead|title=Peter O'Shaughnessy|archive-date=2 January 2014|website=peteroshaughnessy.info}}</ref> In the same year, Humphries made his first commercial recording, the [[extended play|EP]] ''Wild Life in Suburbia'', which featured liner notes by his friend, the [[Modernism|Modernist]] architect and writer [[Robin Boyd (architect)|Robin Boyd]].

==London and the 1960s==
In 1959 Humphries moved to London, where he lived and worked throughout the 1960s. He became a friend of leading members of the British comedy scene including [[Dudley Moore]], [[Peter Cook]], [[Alan Bennett]], [[Jonathan Miller]], [[Spike Milligan]], [[Willie Rushton]] and fellow Australian expatriate comedian-actors [[John Bluthal]] and [[Dick Bentley]]. Humphries performed at Cook's comedy venue [[The Establishment (club)|The Establishment]], where he became a friend of and was photographed by leading photographer [[Lewis Morley]], whose studio was located above the club. He contributed to the satirical magazine ''[[Private Eye]]'', of which Cook was publisher, his best-known work being the cartoon strip ''The Wonderful World of Barry McKenzie''. The bawdy cartoon satire of the worst aspects of Australians abroad was written by Humphries and drawn by New Zealand born cartoonist [[Nicholas Garland]]. The book version of the comic strip, published in the late '60s, was for some time banned in Australia.

Humphries appeared in numerous [[West End theatre|West End]] stage productions including the musicals ''[[Oliver!]]'' and ''[[Maggie May (musical)|Maggie May]]'', by [[Lionel Bart]], and in stage and radio productions by his friend Spike Milligan. At one time he was invited to play the leading role of Captain Martin Bules in ''[[The Bedsitting Room (play)|The Bedsitting Room]]'' which had already opened successfully at the [[Mermaid Theatre]] and was transferring to the West End. Humphries performed with Milligan in the 1968 production of ''[[Treasure Island]]'' in the role of [[Long John Silver]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Spike Milligan: His Part in Our Lives|last=Ventham|first=Maxine|chapter=Barry Humphries|year=2002|publisher=Robson|location=London|isbn=1-86105-530-7|pages=92–97}}</ref> He described working with Milligan as "one of the strangest and most exhilarating experiences of my career".<ref>Ventham (2002) p. 693</ref>

In 1961 when Humphries was in [[Cornwall]] with his wife, he fell over a cliff near [[Zennor]] and landed on a ledge 50&nbsp;m (150&nbsp;ft) below, breaking bones. The rescue by helicopter was filmed by a news crew from [[ITN]]. The footage of the rescue was shown to Humphries for the first time on a 2006 [[BBC]] show, ''[[Turn Back Time (TV series)|Turn Back Time]]''.

Humphries' first major break on the British stage came when he was cast in the role of the undertaker [[Mr Sowerberry]] for the original 1960 London stage production of ''Oliver!'' He recorded Sowerberry's feature number "That's Your Funeral" for the original London [[cast recording|cast album]] (released on [[Decca Records]]) and reprised the role when the production moved to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 1963. However, the song "That's Your Funeral" was omitted from the [[RCA Victor]] original Broadway cast album so Humphries is not heard at all on it. In 1967 he starred as [[Fagin]] in the [[Piccadilly Theatre]]'s revival of ''Oliver!'' which featured a young [[Phil Collins]] as the [[Artful Dodger]]. In 1997 Humphries reprised the role of Fagin in [[Cameron Mackintosh]]'s award-winning revival at the [[London Palladium]].

In 1967 his friendship with Cook and Moore led to his first film role, a cameo as "Envy" in the film ''[[Bedazzled (1967 film)|Bedazzled]]'' starring Cook and Moore with [[Eleanor Bron]] and directed by [[Stanley Donen]]. The following year he appeared in ''[[The Bliss of Mrs. Blossom]]'' with [[Shirley MacLaine]].

Humphries contributed to [[BBC Television]]'s ''The Late Show'' (1966–67), but Humphries found his true calling with his one-man satirical stage revues, in which he performed as Edna Everage and other character creations, including [[Sir Les Patterson|Les Patterson]] and Sandy Stone. ''A Nice Night's Entertainment'' (1962) was the first such revue. It and ''Excuse I: Another Nice Night's Entertainment'' (1965) were only performed in Australia. In 1968 Humphries returned to Australia to tour his one-man revue ''Just a Show''; this production transferred to London's [[Fortune Theatre]] in 1969. Humphries gained considerable notoriety with ''Just a Show''. It polarised British critics but was successful enough to lead to a short-lived BBC television series, ''The Barry Humphries Scandals'', one of the precursors to the [[Monty Python]] series.

==1970s==
In 1970 Humphries returned to Australia, where Edna Everage made her movie debut in John B. Murray's ''The Naked Bunyip''. In 1971–72 he teamed up with producer [[Phillip Adams (writer)|Phillip Adams]] and writer-director [[Bruce Beresford]] to create a film version of the Barry McKenzie cartoons. ''[[The Adventures of Barry McKenzie]]'' starred singer [[Barry Crocker]] in the title role and featured Humphries—who co-wrote the script with Beresford—playing three different parts. It was filmed in England and Australia with an all-star cast including Spike Milligan, Peter Cook, [[Dennis Price]], [[Dick Bentley]], [[Willie Rushton]], [[Julie Covington]], [[Clive James]] and broadcaster [[Joan Bakewell]]. Like several other films of the time which have since been categorised as belonging to the [[Ocker]] genre of Australian film, it was almost unanimously panned by Australian film critics, but became a huge hit with audiences. In fact, the film became the most successful locally made feature ever released in Australia up to that time, paving the way for the success of subsequent locally made feature films such as ''[[Alvin Purple]]'' and ''[[Picnic at Hanging Rock (film)|Picnic at Hanging Rock]]''.

Another artistic production undertaken at this time was a 1972 collaboration between Humphries and the Australian composer Nigel Butterley. Together they produced ''First Day Covers'', a collection of poems about suburbia – read in performance by Edna Everage – with accompanying music by Butterley.<ref>O'Sullivan, Mark: ''The Biggest Mind Bending Event So Far, Music Performance in Sydney 1932–1994'', Sydney University Honours Thesis, 1994. p. 44</ref> It included poems with titles such as "Histoire du Lamington" and "Morceau en forme de 'meat pie'".<ref>St. Pierre, Paul Matthew: ''A Portrait of the Artist as an Australian'', MQUP, 2004. p. 79</ref>

==Film roles==
Since the late 1960s Humphries has appeared in numerous films, mostly in supporting or cameo roles. His credits include ''[[Bedazzled (1967 film)|Bedazzled]]'' (1967), the UK sex comedy ''[[Percy's Progress]]'' (1974), David Baker's ''[[The Great Macarthy]]'' (1975), and Bruce Beresford's ''[[Barry McKenzie Holds His Own]]'' (1974), in which Edna was made a Dame by then Australian Prime Minister [[Gough Whitlam]].

Other film credits include ''[[Side by Side (1975 film)|Side by Side]]'' (1975) and ''[[The Getting of Wisdom (film)|The Getting of Wisdom]]'' (1977). The same year, he had a cameo as Edna in the [[Robert Stigwood]] musical film ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (film)|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' (which became infamous as one of the biggest film flops of the decade), followed in 1981 by his part as the fake-blind TV-show host Bert Schnick in ''[[Shock Treatment]]'', the sequel to ''[[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]]''.

Humphries was more successful with his featured role as Richard Deane in ''[[Doctor Fischer of Geneva|Dr. Fischer of Geneva]]'' (1985); this was followed by ''[[Howling III]]'' (1987), a cameo as [[Rupert Murdoch]] in the miniseries ''[[Selling Hitler]]'' (1991) with [[Alexei Sayle]], a three-role cameo in [[Philippe Mora]]'s horror satire ''[[Pterodactyl Woman from Beverly Hills]]'' (1995), the role of Count Metternich in ''[[Immortal Beloved (1994 film)|Immortal Beloved]]'' (1994), as well as roles in ''[[The Leading Man]]'' (1996), the [[Spice Girls]]' film ''[[Spice World (film)|Spice World]]'', the Australian feature ''[[Welcome to Woop Woop]]'' (1997), and ''[[Nicholas Nickleby (2002 film)|Nicholas Nickleby]]'' (2002), in which he donned female garb to play [[Nathan Lane]]'s wife.

Humphries has featured in various roles in comedy performance films including ''[[The Secret Policeman's Other Ball]]'' (1982) and ''A Night of Comic Relief 2'' (1989). In 1987, he starred as Les Patterson in one of his own rare flops, the disastrous ''[[Les Patterson Saves the World]]'', directed by [[George T. Miller]] of ''Man From Snowy River'' fame and co-written by Humphries with his third wife, Diane Millstead.

In 2003, Humphries voiced the shark Bruce in the [[Pixar]] animated film ''[[Finding Nemo]]'', using an exaggerated baritone Australian accent.

During 2011, Humphries travelled to New Zealand to perform the role of the [[List of The Hobbit characters|Great Goblin]] in the first instalment of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Hobbit (film series)|three-part adaptation]] of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Hobbit]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Peter Jackson retitles The Hobbit part three The Battle of the Five Armies |first=Ben |last=Child |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 April 2014 |access-date=24 April 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/24/peter-jackson-hobbit-battle-of-the-five-armies}}</ref><ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/movies/barry-humphries-joins-cast-of-the-hobbit-20110620-1gaql.html "Barry Humphries joins cast of ''The Hobbit''"], ''[[The Age]]'' (20 June 2011)</ref> At the press conference in Wellington, NZ, just before the film's world premiere, Humphries commented:

{{blockquote|text=It was thrilling to work on this film and when you see my extraordinary interpretation you realise why I immediately fell into the arms of [[Jenny Craig]], and minor cosmetic surgery. I always thought [[motion capture]] was something you did when you were taking a specimen at the doctor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.msn.co.nz/article.aspx?id=8571664|title=Celebrity News, celebrity Gossip, TV shows, Movies|publisher=MSN New Zealand|website=entertainment.msn.co.nz|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>}}

In 2015, Humphries voiced the role of Wombo the Wombat in ''[[Blinky Bill the Movie]]''.

In 2016, he appeared in a dual role in ''[[Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie]]'' as Charlie, a rich former lover of [[Patsy Stone]], and in a nonspeaking cameo as Dame Edna.

==One-man shows==
Humphries' forte has always been his one-man satirical stage revues, in which he appears as Edna Everage and other character creations, most commonly Les Patterson and Sandy Stone. The remarkable longevity he has enjoyed with Dame Edna has endured for more than sixty years, but in 2012 he announced his retirement from live performance.

Humphries' one-man shows, which are typically two and a half hours long, alternate satirical monologues and musical numbers and consist of entirely original material, laced with ad-libbing, improvisation and audience participation segments. Humphries mostly performs solo, but he is occasionally joined on stage by supporting dancers and an accompanist during the musical numbers. Only one actor ever regularly shared the stage with Humphries, and this was during the Edna segments: English actress [[Emily Perry (English actress)|Emily Perry]] played Edna's long-suffering bridesmaid from New Zealand, Madge Allsop, whose character never spoke.

Humphries has presented many successful shows in London, most of which he subsequently toured internationally. Although he eventually gained worldwide popularity, he encountered stiff resistance in the early years of his career: his first London one-man show, ''A Nice Night's Entertainment'' (1962), received scathing reviews, and it was several years before he made a second attempt. He gained considerable notoriety with his next one-man revue, ''Just a Show'', staged at London's [[Fortune Theatre]] in 1969. It polarised the critics but was a hit with audiences and became the basis of a growing cult following in the UK. He built on this with his early '70s shows, including ''A Load of Olde Stuffe'' (1971) and ''At Least You Can Say You've Seen It'' (1974–75).

He finally broke through to widespread critical and audience acclaim in Britain with his 1976 London production ''Housewife, Superstar!'' at the [[Apollo Theatre]]. Its success in Britain and Australia led Humphries to try his luck with the show in New York in 1977 at the [[off-Broadway]] Theatre Four (now called the Julia Miles Theatre), but it proved to be a disastrous repeat of his experience with ''Just a Show''. Humphries later summed up his negative reception by saying: "When ''[[The New York Times]]'' tells you to close, you close."

His next show was ''Isn't It Pathetic at His Age'' (1978), and, like many of his shows, the title derives from the sarcastic remarks his mother often made when she took Humphries to the theatre to see superannuated overseas actors touring in Australia during his youth.

His subsequent one-man shows include:
* ''A Night with Dame Edna'' (1979), for which he won an [[Olivier Award]] for [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance|Best Comedy Performance]]
* ''An Evening's Intercourse with Dame Edna'' (1982)
* Three seasons of ''Back with a Vengeance'' (1987–1989, 2005–2007)
* ''Look at Me When I'm Talking to You'' (1996)
* ''Edna, The Spectacle'' (1998) at the [[Haymarket Theatre|Theatre Royal Haymarket]], where he held the record as the only solo act to fill the theatre (since it opened in 1663).
* ''Remember You're Out'' which toured Australia in 1999
* ''Back with a Vengeance'' which toured Australia in 2007
* ''Dame Edna Live: The First Last Tour'' toured the US in 2009

He has made numerous theatrical tours in Germany, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, and in the Far and Middle East. In 2003 he toured Australia with his show ''Getting Back to My Roots (and Other Suckers)''.

===Farewell tour===
[[File:Barry Humphries (7060377957).jpg|thumb|upright|Humphries in 2012]]
In March 2012, Humphries announced his retirement from live entertainment,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/barry-humphries-retires-as-dame-edna-and-sir-les/story-e6freuy9-1226302658914|title=Barry Humphries retires as Dame Edna and Sir Les|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|date=18 March 2012|access-date=11 July 2012}}</ref> stating that he was "beginning to feel a bit senior" and was planning to retire from show business. Humphries announced his Australian "Farewell Tour", titled "Eat, Pray, Laugh!", to begin in Canberra on 22 July 2012 and to conclude in Perth on 3 February 2013, although it was extended until 10 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaureview.com/news/barry-humphries-eat-pray-laugh-farewell-tour-dates-released|title=Barry Humphries "Eat, Pray, Laugh!" Farewell Tour Dates Released|work=The AU Review|date=20 March 2012|access-date=11 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/stage/dame-edna-insists-shes-out-of-here-and-thats-final/story-fn9d344c-1226418323666|title=Dame Edna insists she's out of here, and that's final|work=The Australian|date=6 July 2012|access-date=11 July 2012}}</ref> The show included appearances by Dame Edna, Sir Les Patterson and Sandy Stone, and introduced a new character called Gerard Patterson, Sir Les's brother and paedophilic Catholic priest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/theatre/humphries-announces-farewell-tour-20120318-1vd7z.html|title=Humphries announces farewell tour|work=The Age|date=19 March 2012|access-date=11 July 2012}}</ref>

The tour was widely praised. [[Dan Ilic]] of ''Time Out Sydney'' stated that Humphries delivered "a show that almost feels like a blue print for the foundations for the last fifty years of Australian comedy".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/theatre/features/10987/eat-pray-laugh-barry-humphries-farewell-tour |title=Eat, Pray, Laugh! Barry Humphries' Farewell Tour |work=Timeout Sydney |date=6 July 2012 |access-date=11 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711081529/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/theatre/features/10987/eat-pray-laugh-barry-humphries-farewell-tour |archive-date=11 July 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> Helen Musa of ''CityNews'' gave a similarly positive review, referring to Humphries being "as virile, as vulgar and as magnificent as ever" thanks to a "well researched" script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citynews.com.au/2012/news/review-dame-edna-takes-a-bow-for-now/|title=Review: Dame Edna takes a bow, for now|work=CityNews|date=25 June 2012|access-date=11 July 2012}}</ref> Arts blog ''Critter Away'' referred to Humphries' characters as being "still fresh" and "a testament to laugh-out-loud satire".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://critteraway.blogspot.com.au/2012/07/barry-humphries-farewell-tour-review.html|title=Barry Humphries' Farewell Tour – Review|work=Critter Away|date=6 July 2012|access-date=11 July 2012}}</ref>

The same show opened in the United Kingdom at the [[Milton Keynes Theatre]] in October 2013 prior to a season of shows at the [[London Palladium]] and a national tour.

===Weimar Cabaret===
Humphries [[emcee]]d a programme of [[Weimar Republic]] [[cabaret]] songs performed by chanteuse [[Melissa Madden Gray|Meow Meow]] and accompanied by the [[Australian Chamber Orchestra]] in July–August 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jul/31/barry-humphries-weimar-cabaret-review-meow-meow-australian-chamber-orchestra|title=Barry Humphries' Weimar Cabaret review – sardonic, sexual, wonderfully done|work=The Guardian|date=31 July 2016|access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref> and then by the [[Aurora Orchestra]] in July 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/jul/11/barry-humphries-interview-offence-dame-edna-everage-sir-les-patterson|title=Barry Humphries: 'I defend to the ultimate my right to give deep and profound offence'|work=The Guardian|date=11 July 2018|access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref>

==Dame Edna==
[[File:Dame Edna (7105779617).jpg|thumb|Humphries as Dame Edna, 2012]]
[[Dame Edna Everage]] is one of the most enduring Australian comic characters of all time. Originally conceived in 1956, Edna has evolved from a satire of Australian suburbia to become, in the words of journalist [[Caroline Overington]]:
{{blockquote|text=... a perfect parody of a modern, vainglorious celebrity with a rampant ego and a strong aversion to the audience (whom celebrities pretend to love but actually, as Edna so boldly makes transparent, they actually loathe for their cheap shoes and suburban values) – ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]].''

Like her ever-present bunches of [[Gladiolus|gladioli]], one of the most popular and distinctive features of Edna's stage and TV appearances has been her extravagant wardrobe, with gaudy, custom-made gowns. Her costumes, most of which were created for her by Australian designer Bill Goodwin, routinely incorporate Aussie [[kitsch]] icons such as the flag, Australian native animals and flowers, the [[Sydney Opera House]] and the [[boxing kangaroo]]. Her outlandish spectacles were inspired by the glasses worn by Melbourne eccentric, beautician, radio broadcaster, actor and dancer [[Stephanie Deste]]; as were many other aspects of Dame Edna's personality.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mivision.com.au/2012/06/our-unofficial-optical-ambassador-retires/|title=Our Unofficial Optical Ambassador Retires|date=26 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/the-evolution-of-edna-20060121-ge1lyt.html|title=The evolution of Edna|date=21 January 2006|website=The Age}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/the-many-faces-of-barry-humphries-20120322-1vmla.html|title=The many faces of Barry Humphries|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museum.aco.org.au/archive/444-replica-of-dame-edna-everage-barry-humphries-spectacles-with-plano-sunglass-lenses|title=Replica of Dame Edna Everage (Barry Humphries) spectacles with plano sunglass lenses|date=17 December 2012|website=museum.aco.org.au}}</ref>

As the character evolved, Edna's unseen family became an integral part of the satire, particularly the travails of her disabled husband Norm, who had an almost lifelong onslaught of an unspecified [[prostate]] ailment. Her daughter Valmai and her gay-hairdresser son Kenny became intrinsic elements of the act, as did her long-suffering best friend and New Zealand bridesmaid, Madge Allsop.

Throughout Edna's career, Madge Allsop was played by English actress [[Emily Perry (English actress)|Emily Perry]] until her death in 2008. Perry was the only other actor ever to appear on stage with Humphries in his stage shows, as well as making regular appearances in Dame Edna's TV programmes.

Dame Edna made a successful transition from stage to TV without losing popularity in either genre. The talk show format provided a perfect outlet for Humphries' rapier wit and his ability to ad-lib, and it enabled Edna to draw on a wide and appreciative pool of fans among fellow actors and comedians, with scores of top-rank stars lining up to be lampooned on her shows. As other Australian actors have begun to make a wider impression in international film and television, Edna has not hesitated to reveal that it was her mentorship which helped "kiddies" like "little [[Nicole Kidman]]" to achieve their early success.

== Sir Les Patterson ==
Humphries' character [[Sir Les Patterson]] is a boozy Australian cultural attaché: dishevelled, uncouth, lecherous and coarse. He alternates with Edna and Sandy Stone in Humphries' stage shows and typically features in pre-recorded segments in Dame Edna's TV shows. Sir Les is the polar opposite of Dame Edna; she a culturally aspirational Protestant from Melbourne and he a culture-free Roman Catholic from Sydney. In December 1987, Barry Humphries appeared on the BBC Radio 4 ''[[Today (BBC Radio 4)|Today]]'' programme in a recorded interview in which he simultaneously played the characters of both Dame Edna and Sir Les.<ref>[https://soundcloud.com/geykyn/dame-edna-and-sir-les-patterson-r4-today-dec-1987 Interview], ''[[Today (BBC Radio 4)|Today]]'' December 1987, [[John Humphrys]] – via [[SoundCloud]]</ref>

== Sandy Stone ==
Humphries' character, [[Sandy Stone (character)|Sandy Stone]], is an elderly Australian man, either single or married with a daughter who died as a child. Humphries said in 2016 that "slowly the character has deepened, so I begin to understand and appreciate him, and finally feel myself turning into him". He no longer requires makeup for the part, and plays Sandy in his own dressing gown.<ref>"The consummate amateur" by William Cook, ''[[The Oldie]]'' [London], September 2016, p. 18.</ref>

==Television roles==
Humphries' numerous television appearances in Australia, the UK and the US include ''The Bunyip'', a children's comedy for the [[Seven Network]] in Melbourne. In the UK he made two highly successful series of his comedy talk show ''[[The Dame Edna Experience]]'' for [[London Weekend Television]]. The series boasted a phalanx of superstar guests including [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Sean Connery]], [[Roger Moore]], [[Dusty Springfield]], [[Charlton Heston]] and [[Jane Seymour (actress)|Jane Seymour]].

These enormously popular programmes have since been repeated worldwide and the special ''A Night on Mount Edna'' won Humphries the ''Golden Rose of Montreux'' in 1991. He wrote and starred in [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC-TV]]'s ''The Life and Death of Sandy Stone'' (1991), and presented the ABC social history series ''Barry Humphries' Flashbacks'' (1999).

His other television shows and one-off specials include ''Dame Edna's Neighbourhood Watch'' (1992), ''Dame Edna's Work Experience'' (1996), ''Dame Edna Kisses It Better'' (1997) and ''Dame Edna's Hollywood'' (1991–92), a series of three chat-show specials filmed in the US for the NBC and the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox network]]. Like ''The Dame Edna Experience'', these included an array of top celebrity guests such as [[Burt Reynolds]], [[Cher]], [[Bea Arthur]], [[Kim Basinger]] and [[Barry Manilow]]. Edna's most recent television special was ''Dame Edna Live at the Palace'' in 2003. He starred in the [[Kath & Kim]] telemovie ''[[Da Kath & Kim Code]]'' in late 2005.

In 1977 Dame Edna guest-starred on the U.S. [[sketch comedy]] and [[variety show]] ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''.

In 2007, Humphries returned to the UK's [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] to host another comedy chat-show called ''[[The Dame Edna Treatment]]'', a similar format to ''The Dame Edna Experience'' from 20 years earlier. The series once again boasted a collection of top celebrity guests such as [[Tim Allen]], [[Mischa Barton]], [[Sigourney Weaver]], [[Debbie Harry]], and [[Shirley Bassey]].

In March 2008, Humphries joined the judging panel on the [[BBC]] talent show ''[[I'd Do Anything (BBC TV series)|I'd Do Anything]]'' to find an unknown lead to play the part of [[Nancy (Oliver Twist)|Nancy]] in a West End revival of the musical ''[[Oliver!]]''.

In May 2013, Australia's [[ABC1|ABC Network]] announced that Humphries would be joining the cast of Australian telemovie series, ''[[Jack Irish]]'', playing a high-profile judge in the third movie in the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2013/05/barry-humphries-joins-third-jack-irish-telemovie.html|title=Barry Humphries joins third Jack Irish telemovie|date=20 May 2013|access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> He appeared as Justice Loder in the 2014 "Dead Point" episode.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Knox |first1=David |title=Airdate: Jack Irish: Dead Point {{!}} TV Tonight |url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2014/03/airdate-jack-irish-dead-point.html |website=tvtonight.com.au |access-date=17 September 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>

==Success in the United States==
[[File:Barry Humphries December 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Humphries in Toronto, Canada, during ''Dame Edna: The Royal Tour'' North American tour, December 2000]]
In 2000 Humphries took his ''Dame Edna: The Royal Tour'' show to North America winning the inaugural [[Special Tony Award#2000s|Special Tony Award for a Live Theatrical Event]] in 2000 and won two [[Touring Broadway Awards|National Broadway Theatre Award]]s for "Best Play" and for "Best Actor" in 2001. Asked by an Australian journalist what it was like to win a [[Tony Award]], he said "it was like winning a thousand Gold [[Logie Award|Logies]] at the same time".

Dame Edna's new-found success in America led to many media opportunities, including a semi-regular role in the hit TV series ''[[Ally McBeal]]''. ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' magazine invited Dame Edna to write a satirical advice column in 2003 although after [[Dame Edna Everage#Satirical advice column|an outcry following a remark about learning Spanish]], the column was discontinued.

As of September 2021, he was honorary vice-president of the [[American Guild of Variety Artists]] trade union.<ref>[https://agvausa.com "EXTRA, EXTRA...Variety News! – AGVA officer Election results are in! – September 25, 2021"], AGVA website</ref>

==Personal life==
Humphries has been married four times. His first marriage, to Brenda Wright, took place when he was 21 and lasted less than two years. He has two daughters, [[Tessa Humphries|Tessa]] and Emily, and two sons, [[Oscar Humphries|Oscar]] and Rupert, from his second and third marriages, to Rosalind Tong and Diane Millstead respectively. His elder son<ref>See ''More Please'' by Barry Humphries, Penguin 1992{{page needed|date=July 2020}}</ref> Oscar was editor of the art magazine ''[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]]''<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/the-feral-beast-changing-faces-of-apollo-1898740.html | title = The feral beast: Changing faces of Apollo |work=[[The Independent]]|date=14 February 2010|access-date=28 February 2011|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/artsales/7636026/Market-News.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|first=Colin|last=Gleadell|title=Market News: the controversial new editor of distinguished art magazine ''Apollo''|date=26 April 2010|location=London}}</ref> and a contributing editor at ''[[The Spectator]]''.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/sep/17/pressandpublishing2|title=James rocks up at ''Spectator''|first=Stephen|last=Brook|date=17 September 2007|location=London}}</ref> He is now an art curator. His fourth wife (since 1990), [[Elizabeth Spender|Elizabeth "Lizzie" Spender]], previously an actor, is the daughter of British poet Sir [[Stephen Spender]] and the concert pianist [[Natasha Spender]]. They live in a terraced town house in [[West Hampstead]], his home for forty years.

In the 1960s, throughout his sojourn in London, Humphries became increasingly dependent on alcohol and by the last years of the decade his friends and family began to fear that his addiction might cost him his career or even his life. His status as 'a dissolute, guilt-ridden, self-pitying boozer' was undoubtedly one of the main reasons for the failure of his first marriage and was a contributing factor to the collapse of the second.<ref name=Dfal>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/barry-humphries-dame-for-a-laugh-556873.html|work=The Independent| location=London|first=Andrew|last=Barrow|title=Barry Humphries: Dame for a laugh|date=15 August 2004|access-date=26 March 2010}}</ref>

Humphries' alcoholism reached a crisis point during a visit home to Australia in the early 1970s. His parents finally had him admitted to a private hospital to 'dry out' when, after a particularly heavy binge, he was found bashed and unconscious in a gutter.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OKRLjvu0u4oC&pg=PA155|title=A Portrait of the Artist as Australian: L'Oeuvre bizarre de Barry Humphries|first=Paul Matthew St|last=Pierre|date=30 September 2004|publisher=McGill–Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-7735-7162-4|page=155}}</ref> Since then he has abstained from alcohol completely and has in the past occasionally attended [[Alcoholics Anonymous]] (AA) meetings. He was one of the many friends who tried in vain to help [[Peter Cook]], who himself eventually died from alcohol-related illnesses.

Humphries was a good friend of the English poet [[John Betjeman]] until Betjeman's death in 1984. Their friendship began in 1960 after Betjeman, while visiting Australia, heard some of Humphries' early recordings and wrote very favourably of them in an Australian newspaper. Their friendship was, in part, based around numerous shared interests, including [[Victorian architecture]], Cornwall and the [[music hall]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3653387/Roast-beef-and-bubbly-with-Betjeman.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3653387/Roast-beef-and-bubbly-with-Betjeman.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|title=Roast beef and bubbly with Betjeman |first=Barry|last=Humphries |date=25 June 2006|access-date=26 April 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Humphries appears in the 2013 documentary ''Chalky'' about his longtime friend and colleague [[Michael White (producer)|Michael White]], who produced many of Humphries' first ''Dame Edna'' shows in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chalkythefilm.com/trailer.html |title= Chalky The Film Trailer |access-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322060158/http://chalkythefilm.com/trailer.html |archive-date=22 March 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>

Other notable friends of Humphries include the painter [[Arthur Boyd]],<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/aug/08/art.australia|work=The Guardian |location=London|title=In praise of ... Barry Humphries|date=8 August 2008|access-date=26 April 2010}}</ref> the author and former politician [[Jeffrey Archer]], whom Humphries visited during Archer's stay in prison,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/sunday-review/regulars/how-we-met-barry-humprhies--jeffrey-archer-804282.html|work=The Independent |location=London|title=How We Met: Barry Humprhies & Jeffrey Archer|date=6 April 2008|access-date=26 April 2010}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and the comedian [[Spike Milligan]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/barry-humphries-with-friends-like-these-1269433.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103205305/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/barry-humphries-with-friends-like-these-1269433.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=3 November 2012|work=The Independent|location=London|title=Barry Humphries: With friends like these|first=John|last=Hind|date=26 April 1997|access-date=26 April 2010}}</ref>

Humphries has spent much of his life immersed in music, literature and the arts. A self-proclaimed 'bibliomaniac', his house in [[West Hampstead]], London supposedly contains some 25,000 books, many of them first editions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/comedy/article6726424.ece|work=The Times| location=London|title=Dame Edna Everage returns to Britain|date=27 July 2009|access-date=26 April 2010|first=Dominic|last=Maxwell}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Edmonds |first1=Ross |title=Barry Humphries: Book Collector Extraordinaire |journal=Biblionews and Australian Notes and Queries |date=March 2022 |issue=413 |pages=20–23}}</ref> Some of the more arcane and rare items in this collection include the telephone book of [[Oscar Wilde]], ''Memoirs of a Public Baby'' by [[Philip O'Connor]], an autographed copy of ''Humdrum'' by [[Harold Acton]], the complete works of [[Wilfred Rowland Childe|Wilfred Childe]] and several volumes of the pre-war surrealist poetry of [[Herbert Read]].<ref name=Dfal />

He is a prominent art collector who has, as a result of his three divorces, bought many of his favourite paintings four times. He at one time had the largest private collection of the paintings of [[Charles Conder]] in the world<ref>[http://www.clivejames.com/pieces/snakecharmers/barry-humphries "Approximately in the Vicinity of Barry Humphries"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313005330/http://www.clivejames.com/pieces/snakecharmers/barry-humphries |date=13 March 2010 }} by [[Clive James]], in ''[[London Review of Books]]'', 6–9 October 1983</ref> and he is a great lover of the [[Flemish people|Flemish]] [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolist]] painter [[Jan Frans De Boever]], relishing his role as 'President for Life' of the De Boever Society.<ref>''The Spectator'', 30 September 2000, Diary by Barry Humphries</ref> He himself is a landscape painter and his pictures are in private and public collections both in his homeland and abroad. Humphries has also been the subject of numerous portraits by artist friends, including [[Clifton Pugh]] (1958, [[National Portrait Gallery (Australia)|National Portrait Gallery]]<ref>[http://www.portrait.gov.au/portraits/1998.1/barry-humphries Clifton Pugh – Barry Humphries, 1958], portrait.gov.au. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.</ref>) and [[John Brack]] (in the character of Edna Everage, 1969, [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]]<ref>[http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/work/209.1975/ Barry Humphries in the character of Mrs Everage (1969) by John Brack], artgallery.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.</ref>).

He is a lover of [[avant-garde music]] and a [[Patronage|patron]] of, among others, the French composer [[Jean-Michel Damase]] and the Melba Foundation in Australia.<ref>{{YouTube|id=JVI6RB_TCmU|title=Melba Foundation UK Launch with Barry Humphries}}</ref> Humphries is a patron and active supporter of the [[Tait Memorial Trust]] in London, a charity to support young Australian performing artists in the UK.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://taitmemorialtrust.org/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724035412/http://www.taitmemorialtrust.org/Home|url-status=dead|title=Tait Memorial Trust|archive-date=24 July 2016}}</ref> When Humphries was on the BBC's ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' radio programme in 2009, he made the following choices: "{{Lang|de|Mir ist die Ehre widerfahren}}" from [[Richard Strauss|Strauss]]' ''[[Der Rosenkavalier]]''; [[George Gershwin|Gershwin]]'s "Things are Looking Up" sung by [[Fred Astaire]]; "Love Song" composed by [[Josef Suk (composer)|Josef Suk]]; "On Mother Kelly's Doorstep" sung by [[Randolph Sutton]]; "{{Lang|de|Der Leiermann}}" from [[Franz Schubert|Schubert]]'s ''[[Winterreise]]'' song cycle; the 2nd movement of [[Francis Poulenc|Poulenc]]'s [[Flute Sonata (Poulenc)|Flute Sonata]]; [[Mischa Spoliansky]]'s "{{Lang|de|Auf Wiedersehen}}"; and "They are not long the weeping and the laughter" from [[Frederick Delius|Delius]]' ''[[Songs of Sunset]]''.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00khkxy Programme]: ''Desert Island Discs'', BBC Radio 4, 29 May 2009</ref>

Cultural historian Tony Moore, author of ''The Barry McKenzie Movies'', writes of Humphries' personal politics thus: "A conservative [[contrarian]] while many in his generation were moving left, Humphries nevertheless retained a bohemian delight in transgression that makes him a radical".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/the-clown-prince-of-suburbia/story-e6frg8n6-1111118780314 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630192230/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/the-clown-prince-of-suburbia/story-e6frg8n6-1111118780314 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2012 |first=Graeme|last=Blundell|author-link=Graeme Blundell|title=Barry Humphries, the clown prince of suburbia|date=7 February 2009|work=The Australian | publisher = News | access-date= 16 December 2012 }}</ref>

Humphries has [[Asperger syndrome]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Barry Humphries bares all in personal comedy |url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/arts/barry-humphries-to-return-to-stage-next-may-in-personal-comedy/news-story/c35e557b9e5622aa0fc58ca25e15cfba |website=[[Herald Sun]] |access-date=26 December 2020 |date=22 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ryan |first1=Madeleine |title=Comment: Asperger's has nothing to do with allegations against Don Burke |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/voices/health/article/2017/11/28/comment-aspergers-has-nothing-do-allegations-against-don-burke |website=[[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS]] |access-date=26 December 2020 |date=28 November 2017}}</ref>

In 2018, Humphries faced backlash for making comments considered to be [[transphobic]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Barry Humphries lands in hot water over anti-trans comments|url=https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/barry-humphries-lands-in-hot-water-over-antitrans-comments/news-story/66bdc59722c159c6cb6e8a38f07ad689|website=[[news.com.au]]|access-date=10 May 2021|date=22 July 2018}}</ref> The comments included referring to gender affirmation surgery as "self-mutilation" and transgender identity as a whole as a "fashion—how many different kinds of lavatory can you have?" The comments prompted the Barry Award, a comedy festival award in Melbourne named after the comedian, to be renamed the [[Melbourne International Comedy Festival Award]] the next year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Barry Humphries's name stripped from Melbourne comedy festival award after transgender controversy|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-16/barry-humphries-name-dropped-from-prestigious-micf-award/11018726|website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|access-date=10 May 2021|date=16 April 2019|last1=Murray-Atfield|first1=Yara}}</ref>

==Other work==

=== Bibliography ===
Humphries is the author of many books including two autobiographies, two novels and a treatise on Chinese drama in the goldfields. He has written several plays and has made dozens of recordings. His first autobiography ''More Please'' won the [[J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography]] in 1993.
*''Bizarre''. Compilation. London: Elek Books, 1965.
*''The Barry Humphries Book of Innocent Austral Verse''. Anthology. Melbourne: Sun Books, 1968.
*''Bazza Pulls It Off!: More Adventures of Barry McKenzie''. Melbourne: Sun Books, 1971.
*''The Wonderful World of Barry MacKenzie''. With Nicholas Garland; a comic strip. London: Private Eye/Andre Deutsch, 1971.
*''Barry McKenzie Holds His Own''. Photoplay, with Bruce Beresford. Melbourne: Sun Books, 1974.
*''Dame Edna's Coffee Table Book: A guide to gracious living and the finer things of life by one of the first ladies of world theatre''. Compendium. Sydney: Sphere Books, 1976.
*''Les Patterson's Australia''. Melbourne: Sun Books, 1978.
*''Bazza Comes into His Own: The Final Fescennine Farago of Barry McKenzie, Australia's first working-class hero—with learned and scholarly appendices and a new enlarged glossary''. With Nicholas Garland. Melbourne, Sun Books, 1979.
*''The Sound of Edna: Dame Edna's Family Songbook''. With Nick Rowley. London: Chappell, 1979.
*''A Treasury of Australian Kitsch''. Melbourne: Macmillan, 1980.
*''A Nice Night's Entertainment: Sketches and Monologues 1956–1981''. A Retrospective. Sydney: Currency Press, 1981.
*''Dame Edna's Bedside Companion''. Compendium. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1982.
*''Punch Down Under''. London: Robson Books, 1984.
*''The Complete Barry McKenzie''. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988.
*''Shades of Sandy Stone''. Edinburgh, Tragara Press, 1989. Limited edition.
*''My Gorgeous Life''. As Edna Everage. London: Macmillan, 1989.
*''More Please''. Autobiography. London, New York, Ringwood, Toronto, and Auckland: Viking, 1992.
*''The Life and Death of Sandy Stone''. Sydney: Macmillan, 1990.
*''Neglected Poems and Other Creatures''. Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1991.
*''Women in the Background''. Novel. Port Melbourne: William Heinemann Australia, 1995.
*''Barry Humphries' Flashbacks: The book of the acclaimed TV series''. Sydney and London: HarperCollins, 1999.
*''My Life As Me: A Memoir:'' Autobiography. London: Michael Joseph, 2002.
*''Handling Edna: the Unauthorised Biography''. Sydney, Hachette Australia, 2009.

===Filmography===
*''[[Bedazzled (1967 film)|Bedazzled]]'' (1967) – Envy
*''[[The Adventures of Barry McKenzie]]'' (1972) – Aunt Edna Everage / Hoot / Dr DeLamphrey
*''[[Barry McKenzie Holds His Own]]'' (1974) – Aunt Edna Everage / Dr DeLamphrey
*''[[Percy's Progress]]'' (1974)
*''[[Side by Side (1975 film)|Side by Side]]'' (1975) – Rodney
*''[[The Great Macarthy]]'' (1975)
*''[[The Getting of Wisdom (film)|The Getting of Wisdom]]'' (1977)
*''[[Shock Treatment]]'' (1981) – Bert Schnick
*''[[Doctor Fischer of Geneva|Dr. Fischer of Geneva]]'' (1985)
*''[[Les Patterson Saves the World]]'' (1986) – Sir Les Patterson / Dame Edna Everage
*''[[Immortal Beloved (1994 film)|Immortal Beloved]]'' (1994) – [[Klemens von Metternich]]
*''[[Napoleon (1995 film)|Napoleon]]'' (1995)
*''[[Pterodactyl Woman from Beverly Hills]]'' (1995) – Bert / Lady shopper / Manager
*''[[Spice World (film)|Spice World]]'' (1997) – Kevin McMaxford
*''[[Nicholas Nickleby (2002 film)|Nicholas Nickleby (2002)]] -'' Mrs. Crummles
*''[[Finding Nemo]]'' (2003) – Bruce (voice)
*''[[Da Kath & Kim Code]]'' (2005) telemovie – John Monk
*''[[Mary and Max]]'' (2009) – narrator
*''The Kangaroo Gang'' (2011) TV documentary – narrator
*''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' (2012) – Great Goblin
*''[[Kath & Kimderella]]'' (2012) – [[Dame Edna Everage]]
*''Chalky'' (2013) documentary
*''[[Justin and the Knights of Valour]]'' (2013) – Braulio (voice)
* ''[[Blinky Bill the Movie]]'' (2015) – Wombo (voice)
*''[[Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie]]'' (2016) – Charlie and Dame Edna Everage (dual role)
*''The Magical Land of Oz'' (2019) Australian wildlife documentary, [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] – Narrator

=== Discography ===
* ''Wild Life in Suburbia'' (1958)
* ''Wild Life in Suburbia Volume Two'' (1959)
* ''A Nice Night's Entertainment'' (1962)
* ''Chunder Down Under'' (1965)
* ''Barry Humphries at [[Carnegie Hall]]'' (1972)
* ''The Barry Humphries Record of Innocent Austral Verse'' (1972)
* ''Housewife Superstar!'' (1976)
* ''The Sound of Edna'' (1978)

===Biographical studies===
Humphries has been the subject of several critical and biographical studies and a TV documentary:

*''The Real Barry Humphries'' by [[Peter Coleman]]. London: Coronet Books, 1991.
*''Dame Edna Everage and the Rise of Western Civilization: Backstage with Barry Humphries'' by [[John Lahr]]. London: Bloomsbury, 1991; and New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1992.
* {{cite book |first=Paul Matthew
|last=St. Pierre
|title=A Portrait of the Artist As Australian: L'Oeuvre bizarre de Barry Humphries
|publisher=[[McGill–Queen's University Press]]
|date=25 September 2004
|isbn=978-0773526440|ref=none}}
*''The Man Inside Dame Edna'' (2008), TV documentary<ref>{{IMDb title|1186810|The Man Inside Dame Edna|(2008) (TV)}}</ref>
*''One Man Show: The Stages of Barry Humphries'' by Anne Pender. HarperCollins, 2010: {{ISBN|978-0-7333-2591-5}}; {{ISBN|0-7333-2591-2}}

===Fictional characters===
*[[Dame Edna Everage]] (Melbourne housewife)
*[[Sir Les Patterson]] (Australian cultural attache)
*[[Sandy Stone (character)|Sandy Stone]] (elderly Australian)
*[[Barry McKenzie]] (Australian visitor to England)

== Awards received ==
[[File:Barry Humphries Sydney Writers Walk plaque.jpg|thumb|Plaque for Humphries at the [[Sydney Writers Walk]]]]
* 1975: [[Douglas Wilkie Medal]]
* 1979: [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance|Comedy Performance of the Year]], Society of West End Management, London (now known as the Laurence Olivier awards) for ''A Night with Dame Edna''
* 1990: TV Personality of the Year
* 1993: [[J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography]] for ''More, Please''
* 1993: [[Mo Award]]: Australian Show business Ambassador<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moawards.com.au/awardwinners|title=MO Award Winners|website=Mo Awards|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref>
* 1994: Honorary Doctorate at [[Griffith University]]
* 1997: Sir [[Peter Ustinov]] Award for Comedy presented at the [[Banff World Television Festival]]
* 1997: Honoured Artists Award, Melbourne City Council
* 1999: [[British Comedy Awards]] – Lifetime Achievement Award
* 2000: Special [[Tony Award]] for a live theatrical event at the 55th Annual Tony Awards for ''Dame Edna: The Royal Tour''
* 2000: Special Achievement Award by the [[Outer Critics Circle Award|Outer Critics Circle]] for ''The Royal Tour''
* 2000: Best Play from the [[Touring Broadway Awards|National Broadway Theatre Awards]] for ''The Royal Tour''
* 2003: Honorary Doctorate of Law at his alma mater, [[University of Melbourne]]
* 2007: [[JC Williamson Award]] for his life's work in the Australian live performance industry.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1306597/australias-helpmann-nominations-unveiled|title=Australia's Helpmann Nominations Unveiled|last=Eliezer|first=Christie|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|publisher=Prometheus Global Media (Nielsen Business Media)|date=30 June 2008|access-date=30 April 2012|archive-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814194549/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1306597/australias-helpmann-nominations-unveiled|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2011: [[The Oldie|Oldie of the Year]] for "his wonderful split personality which has entertained us for so many years"<ref>{{Cite news| title = Barry Humphries named Oldie of the Year| newspaper = BBC News| publisher = BBC| date = 10 February 2011| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12415463| access-date = 10 February 2011}}</ref>
* 2013: [[Britain-Australia Society#Awards|Britain-Australia Society Award]] for contribution to the relationship between Britain and Australia
* 2014: [[Aardman Animations|Aardman]] [[Slapstick Festival|Slapstick]] [http://www.slapstick.org.uk/awards/comedy-legend-award/ Comedy Legend Award] – lifetime achievement award.
* 2016: Honorary Doctorate at the [[University of South Australia]].
* 2017: Honorary Fellow of [[King's College London]].
Humphries has been nominated four times for a [[British Academy Television Award]] (BAFTA TV), all in the Best Light Entertainment Performance category:
*1981: ''An Audience with Dame Edna Everage''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bafta.org/television/awards/|title=Television Awards|website=bafta.org|access-date=22 April 2018|date=31 July 2014}}</ref>
*1987: ''[[The Dame Edna Experience]]''
*1988: ''One More Audience with Dame Edna''
*1990: ''The Dame Edna Experience''

He has received national honours in Australia and the United Kingdom:
*1982: [[Officer of the Order of Australia]] (AO) for "services to the theatre" (Queen's Birthday Honours, Australian List)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=869869&search_type=advanced&showInd=true|title=It's an Honour|website=itsanhonour.gov.au|access-date=22 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604151732/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=869869&search_type=advanced&showInd=true|archive-date=4 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*1982: Granted a [[coat of arms]] by the [[College of Arms]] with a shield bearing crossed gladioli and the Sydney Opera House, supported by a shark and a possum both wearing butterfly glasses, along with other symbolism containing a funnel-web spider and a blowfly. His motto is "I share and I care".<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ShkiqPn_tToC|title = The Best Australian Profiles|access-date = 13 November 2021|last = Ricketson|first = Matthew|year = 2004|publisher=Black Inc. | isbn=1-86395-293-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/heraldic-chief-gets-his-coat-mldnmwk2s |first=Patrick|last=Kidd|title=Heraldic chief gets his coat|date=10 February 2021|access-date = 13 November 2021|work=The Times}}</ref>
*2001: [[Centenary Medal]] for service to Australian society through acting and writing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1127915&search_type=quick&showInd=true|title=It's an Honour|website=itsanhonour.gov.au|access-date=22 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604152011/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1127915&search_type=quick&showInd=true|archive-date=4 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2007: [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) for "services to entertainment" (Queen's Birthday Honours, UK List)

== Eponymous awards ==
* [[Barry Award (for comedy)|Barry Award]] (1998)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Barry Humphries}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*{{IMDb name|402032|Barry Humphries}}
*{{IBDB name|id=4428|name=Barry Humphries}}
*{{iobdb name|id=19466|name=Barry Humphries}}
*{{British Comedy Guide|people|barry_humphries}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041211071435/http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/whoswho/biography/15125 ''Playbill'' biography]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6757531.stm The man behind Dame Edna Everage (BBC News)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071020232641/http://unimelb.edu.au/unisec/calendar/honcausa/citation/humphries.html University of Melbourne Doctorate announcement]
*[http://www.nla.gov.au/collect/prompt/barry.html Barry Humphries] at the [[National Library of Australia]]
*[https://collections.artscentremelbourne.com.au/#details=enarratives.2033 Barry Humphries Collection] held in the [https://collections.artscentremelbourne.com.au/#browse=enarratives.1903 Australian Performing Arts Collection], [https://www.artscentremelbourne.com.au/ Arts Centre Melbourne]
*[http://colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au/nfsa/search/summary/summary.w3p;adv=yes;group=;groupequals=;page=0;parentid=;query=Number%3A348154%20|%20Number%3A348664%20|%20Number%3A348288%20|%20Number%3A350516%20|%20Number%3A348957%20|%20Number%3A468037%20|%20Number%3A559884%20|%20Number%3A362331%20|%20Number%3A351364%20|%20Number%3A563582%20|%20Number%3A563127%20|%20Number%3A560006%20|%20Number%3A350403%20|%20Number%3A563748%20|%20Number%3A560005%20|%20Number%3A350051%20|%20Number%3A355501%20|%20Number%3A371463%20|%20Number%3A371455%20|%20Number%3A371444%20|%20Number%3A560004%20|%20Number%3A559997%20|%20Number%3A563087%20|%20Number%3A483719%20|%20Number%3A349556%20|%20Number%3A427642;querytype=;resCount=10 Barry Humphries] at the [[National Film and Sound Archive]]
*[http://www.pictureaustralia.org/search/barry%20humphries Barry Humphries on Picture Australia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090713071153/http://www.glbtq.com/arts/humphries_b.html Andres Mario Zervigon: Essay on Humphries] from a [[LGBT|GLBTQ]] perspective at [[glbtq.com]].
*[http://jdeboever.be/EN/JFD_02_sk.html Barry Humphries & his favorite paintings]

{{Navboxes|state=collapsed
|title = Awards for Barry Humphries
|list =
{{OlivierAward ComedyPerformance}}
{{JC Williamson Award}}
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Humphries, Barry}}
[[Category:Barry Humphries| ]]
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian male actors]]
[[Category:Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
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[[Category:Australian male comedians]]
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[[Category:Australian male voice actors]]
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[[Category:Best Supporting Actor AACTA Award winners]]
[[Category:Comedians from Melbourne]]
[[Category:Douglas Wilkie Medal winners]]
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]
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[[Category:Melbourne Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:People educated at Camberwell Grammar School]]
[[Category:People educated at Melbourne Grammar School]]
[[Category:People with Asperger syndrome]]
[[Category:Private Eye contributors]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Centenary Medal]]
[[Category:Blinky Bill]]
[[Category:People from the City of Boroondara]]