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<div>{{short description|1967 James Bond spy comedy film}}<br />
{{About|the 1967 film|the 2006 film|Casino Royale (2006 film){{!}}''Casino Royale'' (2006 film)}}<br />
{{good article}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=April 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Casino Royale<br />
| image = Casino Royale 1 – UK cinema poster.jpg<br />
| caption = British cinema poster by [[Robert McGinnis]]<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Peter Sellers]]<br />
*[[Ursula Andress]]<br />
*[[David Niven]]<br />
*[[Woody Allen]]<br />
*[[Joanna Pettet]]<br />
*[[Orson Welles]]<br />
*[[Daliah Lavi]]<br />
*[[Deborah Kerr]]<br />
*[[William Holden]]<br />
*[[Charles Boyer]]<br />
*[[Jean-Paul Belmondo]]<br />
*[[George Raft]]<br />
*[[John Huston]]<br />
*[[Terence Cooper]]<br />
*[[Barbara Bouchet]]<br />
*[[Gabriella Licudi]]<br />
*[[Tracy Reed (English actress)|Tracy Reed]]<br />
*Tracey Crisp<br />
*[[Kurt Kasznar]]<br />
*[[Elaine Taylor (actress)|Elaine Taylor]]<br />
*[[Angela Scoular]]<br />
}}<br />
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Casino Royale (novel)|Casino Royale]]''|[[Ian Fleming]]}}<br />
| screenplay = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Wolf Mankowitz]]<br />
*[[John Law (writer)|John Law]]<br />
*[[Michael Sayers]]<br />
}}<br />
| director = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[John Huston]]<br />
*[[Ken Hughes]]<br />
*[[Robert Parrish]]<br />
*[[Joseph McGrath (film director)|Joe McGrath]]<br />
*[[Val Guest]]<br />
}}<br />
| producer = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Charles K. Feldman]]<br />
*[[Jerry Bresler (film producer)|Jerry Bresler]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Jack Hildyard]]<br />
*[[John Wilcox (cinematographer)|John Wilcox]]<br />
*[[Nicolas Roeg]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = [[Burt Bacharach]]<br />
| editing = [[Bill Lenny]]<br />
| studio = Famous Artists Productions<ref name="afi">{{cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/23875?sid=325f04c1-bdb4-4af4-bd1e-0e94f2075edc&sr=4.531966&cp=1&pos=0|work=[[American Film Institute]]|title=Casino Royale (1967)|access-date=12 September 2018}}</ref><br />
| distributor = [[Columbia Pictures]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1967|4|13|London}}{{film date|df=y|1967|4|28|United States}}<br />
| runtime = 131 minutes<br />
| country = United Kingdom<br />United States<br />
| language = English<br />
| budget = $12 million<br />
| gross = $41.7 million<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Casino Royale''''' is a 1967 [[spy film|spy]] [[parody film|parody]] film originally distributed by [[Columbia Pictures]] featuring an [[ensemble cast]]. It is loosely based on the 1953 novel of [[Casino Royale (novel)|the same name]] by [[Ian Fleming]], the first novel to feature the character [[James Bond]]. The film stars [[David Niven]] as the "original" Bond, [[James Bond filmography|Sir James Bond 007]]. Forced out of retirement to investigate the deaths and disappearances of international spies, he soon battles the mysterious Dr. Noah and [[SMERSH]]. The film's tagline: "Casino Royale is too much... for one James Bond!" refers to Bond's ruse to mislead SMERSH in which six other agents are pretending to be "James Bond", namely, [[Baccarat (card game)|baccarat]] master Evelyn Tremble ([[Peter Sellers]]); millionaire spy [[Vesper Lynd]] ([[Ursula Andress]]); Bond's secretary [[Miss Moneypenny]] ([[Barbara Bouchet]]); Bond's daughter with [[Mata Hari]], Mata Bond ([[Joanna Pettet]]); and British agents Coop ([[Terence Cooper]]) and The Detainer ([[Daliah Lavi]]).<br />
<br />
[[Charles K. Feldman]], the producer, had acquired the film rights in 1960 and had attempted to get ''Casino Royale'' made as an [[Eon Productions]] [[James Bond in film|Bond film]]; however, Feldman and the producers of the Eon series, [[Albert R. Broccoli]] and [[Harry Saltzman]], failed to come to terms. Believing that he could not compete with the Eon series, Feldman resolved to produce the film as a satire. The budget escalated as various directors and writers became involved in the production, and actors expressed dissatisfaction with the project.<br />
<br />
''Casino Royale'' was released on 13 April 1967, two months prior to Eon's fifth Bond movie, ''[[You Only Live Twice (film)|You Only Live Twice]]''. The film was a financial success, grossing over $41.7 million worldwide, and [[Burt Bacharach]]'s musical score was praised, earning him an [[Academy Award]] nomination for the song "[[The Look of Love (1967 song)|The Look of Love]]". Critical reaction to ''Casino Royale'', however, was generally negative, with many reviewers regarding it as a baffling, disorganised affair. Since 1999, the film's rights have been held by [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures]], distributors of the Bond films by Eon Productions.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Sir James Bond 007, a legendary British [[spy]] who retired from the secret service 20 years previously, is visited by the head of British [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI6]], [[M (James Bond)|M]]; [[CIA]] representative Ransome; [[KGB]] representative Smernov; and [[Deuxième Bureau]] representative Le Grand. All implore Bond to come out of retirement to deal with [[SMERSH]], who have been eliminating agents; Bond spurns all their pleas. When Bond continues to stand firm, his mansion is destroyed by a mortar attack at the orders of M (who is, however, killed in the explosion).<br />
<br />
Bond travels to Scotland to return M's remains to his grieving widow, Lady Fiona McTarry. However, the real Lady Fiona has been replaced by SMERSH's Agent Mimi. The rest of the household have been likewise replaced, with SMERSH's aim to discredit Bond by destroying his "celibate image". Attempts by a bevy of beauties to seduce Bond fail, but Mimi/Lady Fiona becomes so impressed with Bond that she changes loyalties and helps Bond to foil the plot against him. On his way back to London, Bond survives another attempt on his life.<br />
<br />
Bond is promoted to the head of MI6. He learns that many British agents around the world have been eliminated by enemy spies because of their inability to resist sex. Bond is also told that the "sex maniac" who was given the name of "James Bond" when the original Bond retired has gone to work in television. He then orders that all remaining MI6 agents will be named "James Bond 007", to confuse SMERSH. He also creates a rigorous programme to train male agents to ignore the charms of women. Moneypenny recruits Coop, a karate expert who begins training to resist seductive women: he also meets an exotic agent known as the Detainer.<br />
<br />
Bond then hires Vesper Lynd, a retired agent turned millionaire, to recruit [[baccarat (card game)|baccarat]] expert Evelyn Tremble, whom he intends to use to beat SMERSH agent Le Chiffre. Having embezzled SMERSH's money, Le Chiffre is desperate for money to cover up his theft before he is executed.<br />
<br />
Following up a clue from agent Mimi, Bond persuades his estranged daughter Mata Bond to travel to [[West Berlin]] to infiltrate International Mothers' Help, an [[au pair]] service that is a cover for a SMERSH training center. Mata uncovers a plan to sell compromising photographs of military leaders from the US, USSR, China and Great Britain at an "art auction", another scheme Le Chiffre hopes to use to raise money. Mata destroys the photos. Le Chiffre's only remaining option is to raise the money by playing baccarat.<br />
<br />
Tremble arrives at the Casino Royale accompanied by Lynd, who foils an attempt to disable him by seductive SMERSH agent Miss Goodthighs. Later that night, Tremble observes Le Chiffre playing at the casino and realises that he is using infrared sunglasses to cheat. Lynd steals the sunglasses, allowing Evelyn to eventually beat Le Chiffre in a game of baccarat. Lynd is apparently abducted outside the casino, and Tremble is also kidnapped while pursuing her. Le Chiffre, desperate for the winning cheque, [[hallucinogenic]]ally tortures Tremble. Lynd rescues Tremble, only to subsequently kill him. Meanwhile, SMERSH agents raid Le Chiffre's base and kill him.<br />
<br />
In London, Mata is kidnapped by SMERSH in a giant [[flying saucer]], and Sir James and Moneypenny travel to Casino Royale to rescue her. They discover that the casino is located atop a giant underground headquarters run by the evil Dr. Noah, secretly Sir James's nephew Jimmy Bond, a former MI6 agent who defected to SMERSH to spite his famous uncle. Jimmy reveals that he plans to use [[biological warfare]] to make all women beautiful and kill all men over {{convert|4|ft|6|in|m|adj=on}} tall, leaving him as the "big man" who gets all the girls. Jimmy has already captured The Detainer, and he tries to persuade her to be his partner; she agrees, but only to dupe him into swallowing one of his atomic time pills, turning him into a walking atomic bomb.<br />
<br />
Sir James, Moneypenny, Mata and Coop manage to escape from their cell and fight their way back to the casino director's office where Sir James establishes Lynd is a double agent. The casino is then overrun by secret agents and a battle ensues. American and French support arrive, but just add to the chaos. Jimmy counts down a series of hiccups, each bringing him closer to doom. Eventually the atomic pill explodes, destroying Casino Royale with everyone inside. Sir James and all of his agents then appear in heaven, and Jimmy Bond is shown descending to hell.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* [[David Niven]] as [[James Bond (literary character)|Sir James Bond]]: A legendary British secret agent forced out of retirement to fight SMERSH.<br />
* [[Peter Sellers]] as Evelyn Tremble / James Bond: A [[baccarat (card game)|baccarat]] master recruited by Vesper Lynd to challenge [[Le Chiffre]] at ''Casino Royale''.<br />
* [[Ursula Andress]] as [[Vesper Lynd]] / James Bond: A retired British secret agent forced back into service in exchange for writing off her tax arrears.<br />
* [[Joanna Pettet]] as Mata Bond / James Bond: Bond's daughter, born of his love affair with [[Mata Hari]].<br />
* [[Daliah Lavi]] as The Detainer / James Bond: A British secret agent who successfully poisons Dr. Noah with his own atomic pill.<br />
* [[Woody Allen]] as Dr Noah / Jimmy Bond: Bond's nephew and head of SMERSH under his Dr Noah alias. Because he is rendered mute in the presence of his uncle, he uses a prerecorded voice (that of [[Valentine Dyall]]) in some scenes.<br />
* [[Barbara Bouchet]] as [[Miss Moneypenny]] / James Bond 007: The beautiful daughter of Bond's original Moneypenny, who works for the service in the same position her mother had years before.<br />
* [[Terence Cooper]] as Coop / James Bond: A British secret agent specifically chosen, and trained for this mission to resist the charms of women.<br />
* [[Deborah Kerr]] as Agent Mimi / Lady Fiona McTarry: A SMERSH agent who masquerades as the widow of M but cannot help falling in love with Bond.<br />
* [[Orson Welles]] as [[Le Chiffre]]: SMERSH's financial agent, desperate to win at baccarat to repay the money he has embezzled from the organisation.<br />
* [[William Holden]] as Ransome: A [[CIA]] executive who accompanies the cross-spy-agency team to persuade Bond out of retirement, then reappears in the final climactic fight scene.<br />
* [[Charles Boyer]] as Legrand: A [[Deuxième Bureau]] executive who accompanies the cross-spy-agency team to see Bond.<br />
* [[John Huston]] as [[M (James Bond)|M]] / McTarry: Head of [[MI6]] who dies from an explosion caused by his own bombardment of Bond's estate when the cross-spy-agency team visits.<br />
* [[Kurt Kasznar]] as Smernov: A [[KGB]] executive who accompanies the cross-spy-agency team to see Bond.<br />
* [[George Raft]] as himself, flicking a coin as he did in ''[[Scarface (1932 film)|Scarface]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/stars-stop-stars-george-raft/|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|title=Why Stars Stop Being Stars: George Raft|date=9 February 2020}}</ref><br />
* [[Jean-Paul Belmondo]] as French Legionnaire<br />
<br />
Major stars, such as Raft and Belmondo, were given top billing in marketing and [[Trailer (film)|screen trailers]] despite only appearing for a few minutes in the final scene.<ref name=Playboy>{{Cite magazine |title=The Girls of Casino Royale |magazine=[[Playboy]] |date=February 1967}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Supporting cast''':<br />
* [[Jacqueline Bisset]] (credited as Jacky Bisset) as Miss Goodthighs: A SMERSH agent who attempts to kill Evelyn at Casino Royale. She also appeared as an [[extra (acting)|extra]] who stands behind Le Chiffre at the casino.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Casino Royale — DVD audio commentary |people=Steven Jay Rubin and [[John Cork]] |year=2002 |publisher=MGM Home Entertainment |quote=Bisset, after playing the casino extra in early footage, was cast again as Miss Goodthighs.}}</ref><br />
* [[Bernard Cribbins]] as Carlton Towers: A British Foreign Office official who drives Mata Bond all the way from London to Berlin in his taxi.<br />
* [[Ronnie Corbett]] as Polo: A SMERSH agent at the International Mothers' Help, in love with Mata Hari and expresses the same feelings for Mata Bond.<br />
* [[Anna Quayle]] as Frau Hoffner: Mata Hari's teacher, portrayed as a parody of Cesare in the [[German Expressionism|German Expressionist]] film ''[[The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920 film)|The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari]]'' (her school is modelled on that film's expressionist decor).<br />
* [[Geoffrey Bayldon]] as [[Q (James Bond)|Q]]<br />
* [[John Wells (satirist)|John Wells]] as Fordyce: Q's assistant.<br />
* [[Gabriella Licudi]], [[Angela Scoular]], Tracey Crisp, [[Elaine Taylor (actress)|Elaine Taylor]] and [[Alexandra Bastedo]] as Eliza, Buttercup, Heather, Peg and Meg: A quintet of SMERSH agents undercover as M/Lord McTarry's daughters.<br />
* [[Derek Nimmo]] as Hadley: A British secret serviceman who briefs Mata Bond on her mission to Berlin.<br />
* [[Colin Gordon]] as Casino director<br />
* [[John Bluthal]] as MI5 Man/Casino doorman<br />
* [[Graham Stark]] as Cashier<br />
* [[Duncan Macrae (actor)|Duncan Macrae]] as [[Rene Mathis|Inspector Mathis]]: He shows Evelyn Tremble his "credentials" in the pre-title sequence.<br />
* [[Richard Wattis]] as British Army officer<br />
* [[Vladek Sheybal]] as Le Chiffre's representative<br />
* [[Tracy Reed (English actress)|Tracy Reed]] as Fang Leader<br />
* [[Chic Murray]] as Chic<br />
* [[Jonathan Routh]] as John<br />
* [[Percy Herbert (actor)|Percy Herbert]] as First piper<br />
* Jeanne Roland as Captain of the Guards<br />
* [[Burt Kwouk]] as Chinese general (uncredited)<br />
* [[Caroline Munro]] as a guard (uncredited)<br />
<br />
''Casino Royale'' also boasts the greatest number of actors in a Bond film either to have appeared or to go on to appear in the rest of the Eon series – besides Andress in ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'', Sheybal appeared as [[Kronsteen]] in ''[[From Russia with Love (film)|From Russia with Love]]'', Kwouk featured as Mr. Ling in ''[[Goldfinger (film)|Goldfinger]]'' and an unnamed [[SPECTRE]] operative in ''[[You Only Live Twice (film)|You Only Live Twice]]'', Roland plays a [[masseuse]] in ''You Only Live Twice'', and Scoular appeared as Ruby Bartlett in ''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)|On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]''. [[Jack Gwillim]], who has a minor role as a British Army officer, played a Royal Navy officer in ''[[Thunderball (film)|Thunderball]]''. [[Caroline Munro]], seen very briefly as one of Dr Noah's gun-toting guards, went on to play Naomi in ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'', and also appeared with other models on the cover of the 1969 [[Pan Books]] edition of ''On Her Majesty's Secret Service''. [[Milton Reid]], who appears in a bit part as the temple guard, opening the door to Mata Bond's hall, played one of Dr. No's guards and Stromberg's underling, Sandor, in ''The Spy Who Loved Me''. [[John Hollis]], who plays the temple priest in Mata Bond's hall, went on to play the unnamed figure clearly intended{{original research inline|date=March 2019}} to be [[Blofeld]] in the pre-credits sequence of ''[[For Your Eyes Only (film)|For Your Eyes Only]]''. [[John Wells (satirist)|John Wells]], Q's assistant, appeared in ''For Your Eyes Only'' as [[Denis Thatcher]]. Hal Galili, who appears briefly as a US Army officer at the auction, had earlier played gangster Jack Strap in ''[[Goldfinger (film)|Goldfinger]]''.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}<br />
<br />
===Uncredited cast===<br />
Well-established stars such as [[Peter O'Toole]], and sporting legends like [[Stirling Moss]] took uncredited parts solely to work with the other cast members.<ref name=Playboy /> O'Toole supposedly took payment in a case of champagne.<ref name="val">{{cite magazine |title=Licensed to Kill the James Bond Image? |magazine=London Life |date=17 December 1966 |pages=12–14}}</ref><br />
<br />
Stunt director [[Richard Talmadge]] employed [[Geraldine Chaplin]] to appear in a brief [[Keystone Cops]] insert. The film proved to be young [[Anjelica Huston]]'s first experience in the film industry as she was called upon by her father, John Huston, to cover the screenshots of Kerr's hands.<ref name=Playboy/> It features the first theatrical appearance of [[David Prowse]] as [[Frankenstein's monster]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |date=29 November 2020 |title=Darth Vader Actor David Prowse Dies at 85 |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/global/darth-vader-actor-david-prowse-dead-dies-1234841696/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220203230120/https://variety.com/2020/film/global/darth-vader-actor-david-prowse-dead-dies-1234841696/ |archive-date=3 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Geier |first=Thom |date=29 November 2020 |title=David Prowse, ''Star Wars'' Actor Behind Darth Vader's Mask, Dies at 85 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/david-prowse-star-wars-darth-vader-dies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220216223302/https://www.thewrap.com/david-prowse-star-wars-darth-vader-dies/ |archive-date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022 |website=[[TheWrap]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbey |first=Ryan |date=29 November 2020 |title=David Prowse obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/29/david-prowse-obituary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220216223416/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/nov/29/david-prowse-obituary |archive-date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref> [[John Le Mesurier]] features in early scenes as M's driver.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=McFarlane|editor-first=Brian|title=The Encyclopedia of British Film|location=London|publisher=Methuen Publishing|year=2005|isbn=978-0-413-77526-9|page=412}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
===Development===<br />
In November 1952, several months before the publication of his first James Bond novel ''[[Casino Royale (novel)|Casino Royale]]'', [[Ian Fleming]] purchased the small theatrical agency Glidrose Productions Limited to make a [[film adaptation|screen adaptation]] of the novel. After the publication [[Curtis Brown (agency)|Curtis Brown]], [[Associated British Picture Corporation|Associated British Pictures]] and the [[MCA Inc.|Music Corporation of America]] all expressed interest in purchasing the film rights. Curtis Brown later licensed the rights to produce a [[Casino Royale (1954 film)|one-hour Americanized television adaptation]] for ''[[Climax!]]'' on [[CBS]].{{sfn|Field|Chowdhury|2015|p=24}} In March 1955, Fleming sold the film rights of his novel ''Casino Royale'' to the producer [[Gregory Ratoff]] for $6,000{{sfn|Benson|1988|p=11}} (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|6000|1955}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars).{{inflation-fn|US|df=y}} after Ratoff had bought a $600 six-month option from Fleming the previous year.{{sfn|Field|Chowdhury|2015|p=25}}<!-- According to Duns' blog this article appeared in the Sunday Telegraph. --><ref name="Duns2011">{{cite news|last=Duns|first=Jeremy|title=Casino Royale: discovering the lost script|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/jamesbond/8345119/Casino-Royale-discovering-the-lost-script.html|access-date=20 April 2020|work=The Telegraph|date=2 March 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314015829/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/jamesbond/8345119/Casino-Royale-discovering-the-lost-script.html|archive-date=14 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ratoff commissioned [[Lorenzo Semple Jr.]], to write a script but both men thought Bond was unbelievable and stupid. According to Semple, Ratoff considered the project needed Bond to be female and wished to cast [[Susan Hayward]] as 'Jane' Bond.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gaydos|first=Steven|url=https://variety.com/2012/film/features/jane-bond-scribe-s-eye-view-of-007-pic-birth-1118053316/|title=Jane Bond? Scribe's-Eye View of 007 Pic Birth|work=Variety|date=11 May 2012|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> In January 1956, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported Ratoff had set up a production company with [[Michael Garrison (producer)|Michael Garrison]] to produce a film adaptation,<ref>{{cite news |last=Weiler |first=A. H. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/01/08/archives/by-way-of-new-local-movievideo-studioother-items.html |title=By Way Of |work=The New York Times |page=X7 |date=8 January 1956 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> but their pitch was rejected by [[20th Century Fox]] and they were unable to find financial backers before his death in December 1960.<ref name="Duns2011" /><ref name="afi" /><br />
<br />
Talent agent [[Charles K. Feldman]] had represented Ratoff and bought the film rights from his widow.{{sfn|Barnes|Hearn|2001|p=56}}{{sfn|Field|Chowdhury|2015|p=25}} [[Albert R. Broccoli]], who had held an interest in adapting James Bond for some years, offered to purchase the ''Casino Royale'' rights from Feldman, but he declined.{{sfn|Broccoli|Zec|1998|p=199}} Feldman and his friend, the director [[Howard Hawks]], had an interest in adapting ''Casino Royale'' and considered [[Leigh Brackett]] as a writer and [[Cary Grant]] as James Bond. They eventually decided not to proceed after they saw ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'' (1962), the first Bond adaptation made by Broccoli and his partner [[Harry Saltzman]] through their company [[Eon Productions]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Howard Hawks: The Grey Fox of Hollywood|pages=595, 629|author=McCarthy, Todd|publisher=Grove Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-802-19640-8}}</ref><br />
<br />
By 1964, with Feldman having invested nearly $550,000 of his own money into pre-production of ''Casino Royale'', he decided to try a deal with Eon Productions and [[United Artists]]. The attempt at a co-production eventually fell through as Feldman frequently argued with Broccoli and Saltzman, especially regarding the profit divisions and when the ''Casino Royale'' adaptation would start production. Feldman eventually decided to offer his project to [[Columbia Pictures]] through a script written by [[Ben Hecht]], and the studio accepted. Given Eon's series led to spy films being in vogue at the time, Feldman opted to make his film a spoof of the Bond series instead of a straightforward adaptation.<ref name= Missing/><br />
<br />
====Screenplay====<br />
[[Ben Hecht]]'s contribution to the project, if not the final result, was in fact substantial and he wrote several complete drafts. In May 1966, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine reported that Hecht had "three bashes" at completing a script, while his papers contained material from four surviving screenplays by Hecht.<ref name="TimeMagazine">{{cite magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,901872,00.html |title=On Location: Little Cleopatra |magazine=Time |date=6 May 1966 |access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref> His treatments were almost entirely "straight" adaptations, far closer to the original source novel than the spoof which the final production became. A draft from 1957 discovered in Hecht's papers — but which does not identify the screenwriter — is a direct adaptation of the novel, albeit with the Bond character absent, instead being replaced by a poker-playing American gangster.<ref name="Duns2011" /><br />
<br />
Later drafts see [[vice]] made central to the plot, with the Le Chiffre character becoming head of a network of brothels (as he is in the novel) whose patrons are then blackmailed by Le Chiffre to fund Spectre (an invention of the screenwriter). The racy plot elements opened up by this change of background include a chase scene through [[Hamburg]]'s red light district that results in Bond escaping disguised as a female [[mud wrestling|mud wrestler]]. New characters appear such as Lili Wing, a brothel [[Pimp|madam]] and former lover of Bond whose ultimate fate is to be crushed in the back of a garbage truck, and Gita, wife of Le Chiffre. The beautiful Gita, whose face and throat are hideously disfigured as a result of Bond using her as a shield during a gunfight in the same sequence which sees Wing meet her fate, goes on to become the prime protagonist in the torture scene that features in the book, a role originally Le Chiffre's.<ref name="Duns2011" /><br />
<br />
Virtually nothing from Hecht's scripts was ever filmed, although a draft dated to February 1964 has a line of dialogue containing the idea of MI6 having given multiple agents the name of James Bond after Bond has died to confuse the other side.<ref name="Duns2011" /> Hecht died from a heart attack in April 1964, two days after finishing his script and before he was able to present it to Feldman. [[Joseph Heller]] (and his friend [[George Mandel]]) worked on the project for a few weeks in early 1965 submitting more than 100 pages after Feldman offered Heller $150,000. Heller later wrote about this episode in ''How I found James Bond, lost my self-respect and almost made $150,000 in my spare time''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Duns|first=Jeremy|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/catch-007-how-joseph-heller-almost-wrote-casino-royale-wc5hnv0h9|title=Catch 007: how Joseph Heller almost wrote Casino Royale|work=The Times|location=London|date=20 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
The script was then completely re-written by [[Billy Wilder]],<ref name="TimeMagazine" /> and by the time the film reached production, only the idea that the name James Bond should be given to a number of other agents remained. This key [[plot device]] in the finished film, in the case of Hecht's version, occurs after the demise of the original James Bond (an event which happened prior to the beginning of his story) which, as Hecht's M puts it, "not only perpetuates his memory, but confuses the opposition."<ref name="Duns2011" /><br />
<br />
In addition to the credited writers, [[Woody Allen]], [[Peter Sellers]], [[Val Guest]], [[Ben Hecht]], [[Joseph Heller]], [[Terry Southern]] and Wilder are all believed to have contributed to the screenplay to varying degrees. Feldman called it "a four ring circus".<ref name="new"/> Sellers had hired Southern to write his dialogue (and not the rest of the script) to "outshine" [[Orson Welles]] and Allen.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gerber|first1=Gail|last2=Lisanti|first2=Tom|title=Trippin' with Terry Southern: What I Think I Remember|year=2009|publisher=McFarland|page=48|isbn=978-0-786-44114-3}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Casting====<br />
Feldman approached [[Sean Connery]] to play Bond, but rejected Connery's offer to do the film for $1 million.{{sfn|Sellers|1999|p=62}}<br />
<br />
Feldman originally intended to cast [[Terence Cooper]] as Bond and had him under personal contract for two years prior to production.<ref name="no">{{cite news |last=Watts |first=Stephen |title=An 0071 Movie Without Connery? Get Headquarters! |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/05/22/archives/an-0071-movie-without-connery-get-headquarters.html |work=The New York Times |date=22 May 1966 |page=129 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
Feldman had worked with Sellers on ''[[What's New Pussycat?]]'' and offered the actor a part as Bond. Sellers originally turned him down saying he felt the image of Bond was "too fixed". Feldman persuaded Sellers to change his mind by asking the actor to instead play a "little man" who plays Bond.<ref name="no"/><br />
<br />
===Filming===<br />
Filming started 11 January 1966.<ref>{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Betty |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/382283627/ |title=Train on a 'Foreign' Track<br />
|work=Los Angeles Times |date=1 July 1966 |page=D11 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[principal photography|principal filming]] was carried out at [[Pinewood Studios]], [[Shepperton Studios]] and [[Twickenham Film Studios|Twickenham Studios]] in London. Extensive sequences also featured London, notably [[Trafalgar Square]] and the exterior of [[10 Downing Street]]. [[Mereworth Castle]] in [[Kent]] was used as the home of Sir James Bond, which is blown up early in the film.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kent Film Office|url=http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/1967/03/casino-royale-1967/|title=Kent Film Office Casino Royal Film Focus|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185440/http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/1967/03/casino-royale-1967/|archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
Much of filming for M's Scottish castle was done [[location shooting|on location]] in [[County Meath]], [[Ireland]], with [[Killeen Castle, Dunsany|Killeen Castle]] as the focus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Casino Royale |url=http://www.british-film-locations.com/Casino-Royale-1967 |publisher=British-Film-Locations.com |date=2015 |access-date=13 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413234451/http://www.british-film-locations.com/Casino-Royale-1967 |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}</ref> However, the car chase sequences where Bond leaves the castle were shot in the [[Perthshire]] village of [[Killin]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Casino Royale |url=http://www.scotlandthemovie.com/movies/caskill.html |publisher=Scotland: the Movie Location Guide |date=2015 |access-date=13 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095437/http://www.scotlandthemovie.com/movies/caskill.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> with further sequences in [[Berkshire]] (specifically [[Old Windsor]] and [[Bracknell]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britmovie.co.uk/forums/film-locations/115229-sixties-casino-royale-car-chase-locations-2.html |title=Sixties Casino Royale Car Chase Locations - Page 2 |access-date=25 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816154900/http://www.britmovie.co.uk/forums/film-locations/115229-sixties-casino-royale-car-chase-locations-2.html |archive-date=16 August 2016 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Filming had wrapped by October 1966 at which stage Feldman said the budget was between $8.5–9.5 million, of which the cast cost $3 million. Sellers was to receive a percentage of the gross after the takings reached $17.5 million.<ref name="new">{{cite news |last=Canby |first=Vincent |title=007 To Multiply in 'Casino Royale' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/10/05/archives/007-to-multiply-in-casino-royale-a-halfdozen-james-bonds-cast-in.html |work=The New York Times |date=5 October 1966 |page=38 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Directors====<br />
Five different directors helmed different segments and stunt coordinator [[Richard Talmadge]] co-directed the final sequence.<br />
<br />
Feldman said that Huston contributed 38 minutes in the final cut, Hughes 25 minutes, McGrath 20 minutes, Parrish 20 minutes, and Guest 26 minutes.<ref name="new"/><br />
<br />
Huston's sequence involved Sir James Bond meeting the representatives of agencies. It was shot in Ireland and Kent in April 1966. Huston worked on his section of the script with Wolf Mankowitz. Huston had written most of ''[[Beat the Devil (film)|Beat the Devil]]'' on location but says "that was discipline compared to this. It was day to day then it's moment to moment here."<ref name="grind">{{cite news |title=London Cameras Grind Exceedingly |work=Los Angeles Times |date=13 April 1966 |page=D7}}</ref> Huston wanted [[Robert Morley]] as M but when he was unavailable, the director decided to play the role himself. Huston says the film "was broached to me as a lark, which it was."<ref>{{cite news |last=St. Pierre |first=Brian |title=John Huston: As He Was, Is, and Probably Always Will Be |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/09/25/archives/john-huston-as-he-was-is-and-probably-always-will-be.html |work=The New York Times |date=25 September 1966 |page=121 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
McGrath shot for six weeks. Bob Parrish filmed the segment with Andress and Sellers at Shepperton.<ref name="grind"/><br />
<br />
Hughes was not known for comedies generally but had just directed ''[[Drop Dead Darling]]''.<ref name="filmink">{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/ken-hughes-forgotten-auteur/|title=Ken Hughes Forgotten Auteur|date=14 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Guest wrote and directed the last section and was given the responsibility of splicing the various "chapters" together.<ref name="val"/> Feldman says Parrish was to provide "suspense" while McGrath did "Sellers like comedy".<ref name="no"/><br />
<br />
He was offered the unique title of coordinating director but declined, claiming the chaotic plot would not reflect well on him if he were so credited. His extra credit was labelled 'additional sequences' instead.<ref name=Pictures>Guest, Val. ''So you want to be in Pictures'', Reynolds & Hearn, 2001, {{ISBN|1-903111-15-3}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Director credits:'''{{sfn|Barnes|Hearn|2001|p=63}}<br />
{{bulleted list<br />
| Val Guest (additional sequences; scenes with Allen and additional scenes with Niven)<br />
| [[Ken Hughes]] (Berlin scenes)<br />
| [[John Huston]] (scenes at Sir James Bond's house and scenes at Scottish castle)<br />
| [[Joseph McGrath (film director)|Joseph McGrath]] (scenes with Sellers, Andress and Welles)<br />
| [[Robert Parrish]] (some casino scenes with Sellers and Welles)<br />
| [[Richard Talmadge]] (second unit)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====Peter Sellers====<br />
Part of the behind-the-scenes drama of production concerned the filming of the segments involving Sellers. Screenwriter [[Wolf Mankowitz]] declared that Sellers felt intimidated by Welles to the extent that, except for a couple of shots, neither was in the studio simultaneously. Other versions of the legend depict the drama stemming from Sellers being slighted, in favour of Welles, by [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]] (whom Sellers knew) during her visit to the set. Welles also insisted on performing magic tricks as Le Chiffre, and the director obliged. Director Guest wrote that Welles did not think much of Sellers, and had refused to work with "that amateur". Director McGrath, a personal friend of Sellers, was punched by the actor when he complained about Sellers' on-set behaviour.<ref>Sikov, Ed. ''Mr Strangelove: A Biography of Peter Sellers''. Pan Macmillan, 2011. {{ISBN|1447207149}}. pp. 310–3</ref><br />
<br />
Some Sellers biographies suggest that he took the role of Bond to heart, and was annoyed at the decision to make ''Casino Royale'' a comedy, as he wanted to play Bond straight. This is illustrated in somewhat fictionalised form in the film ''[[The Life and Death of Peter Sellers]]'', based on the biography by [[Roger Lewis]], who has claimed that Sellers kept re-writing and improvising scenes to make them play seriously. This story is in agreement with the observation that the only parts of the film close to the book are the ones featuring Sellers and Welles.<ref name=Sellers>Lewis, Roger. ''The Life and Death of Peter Sellers'', Applause Books, 2000, {{ISBN|1-55783-248-X}}</ref> In the end, Sellers's involvement with the film was cut abruptly short.<ref name="TCM" /><br />
<br />
====Cameo appearances====<br />
[[Jean-Paul Belmondo]] and [[George Raft]] received [[opening credits|major billing]], even though both only appear briefly. Both appear during the climactic brawl at the end, Raft flipping his trademark coin and promptly shooting himself dead with a backward-firing pistol, while Belmondo appears wearing a fake moustache as the [[French Foreign Legion]] officer who requires an English phrase book to translate ''"[[Shit|merde]]!"'' into "ooch!" during his fistfight.<ref name=Playboy/> Raft's coin flip, which originally appeared in ''[[Scarface (1932 film)|Scarface]]'' (1932), had been spoofed by Raft a few years earlier in ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959).<ref>{{cite book|title=Gangster Films|author=Smith, Jim|publisher=Virgin Books|year=2004|isbn=0753508389|page=34}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the Intercon science fiction convention held in [[Slough]] in 1978, [[David Prowse]] commented on his part, apparently his big-screen debut. He claimed that he was originally asked to play "Super Pooh", a giant [[Winnie-the-Pooh]] in a superhero costume who attacks Tremble during the Torture of The Mind sequence. This idea, as with many others in the film's script, was rapidly dropped, and Prowse was re-cast as a [[Frankenstein's monster|Frankenstein]]-type monster for the closing scenes. The final sequence was principally directed by former actor/stuntman [[Richard Talmadge]].<ref name=Missing /><br />
<br />
====Unfinished scenes====<br />
Sellers went absent for days or weeks at a time, refused to appear in his scenes with Welles<ref name=Sellers /> and exited before all of his scenes had been shot.<ref name="TCM">{{cite web |last=Stafford |first=Jeff |title=Casino Royale |url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/21301%7C0/Casino-Royale.html |website=Turner Classic Movies |access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref> As a result, Sellers was unavailable for the filming of an ending and other interlinking scenes, leaving the filmmakers to devise a way to make the existing footage work without him. The [[frame story|framing device]] of a beginning and ending with Niven was created to salvage the material.<ref name=Missing>{{cite web|url=http://shatterhand007.com/MadRoyale/ItsAMadMadRoyale.html|title=It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Royale|last=Bassinger|first=Stuart|website=Shatterhand007.com|access-date=13 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928091450/http://shatterhand007.com/MadRoyale/ItsAMadMadRoyale.html|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> Guest, who had been given the task of creating a narrative thread which would link all segments of the film, chose to use the original Bond and Vesper Lynd as linking characters.<br />
<br />
Signs of missing footage from the Sellers segments are evident at various points. Tremble is not captured on camera; an outtake of Sellers entering a racing car was substituted. In this outtake, he calls for the car, à la ''[[The Pink Panther (film series)|The Pink Panther]]'', to chase down Vesper and her kidnappers; the next thing that is shown is Tremble being tortured. Outtakes of Sellers were also used for Tremble's dream sequence (pretending to play the piano on Andress' torso), in the finale – blowing out the candles while in highland dress – and at the end of the film when all the various "James Bond doubles" are together. In the kidnap sequence, Tremble's death is also very abruptly inserted; it consists of pre-existing footage of Tremble being rescued by Vesper, followed by a later-filmed shot of her abruptly deciding to shoot him, followed by a freeze-frame over some of the previous footage of her surrounded by bodies (noticeably a zoom-in on the previous shot).<ref name=Missing /><br />
<br />
As well as this, an entire sequence involving Tremble going to the front for the underground James Bond training school (which turns out to be under [[Harrods]], of which the training area was the lowest level) was never shot, thus creating an abrupt cut from Vesper announcing that Tremble will be James Bond to Tremble exiting the lift into the training school.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}<br />
<br />
Many sequences were dropped, so that several actors never appeared in the final cut, including [[Ian Hendry]] (as 006, the agent whose body is briefly seen being disposed of by Vesper), [[Mona Washbourne]] and [[Arthur Mullard]].<ref name=Missing /><br />
<br />
===Music===<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Casino Royale<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Burt Bacharach]], [[Herb Alpert|Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass]] and [[Dusty Springfield]]<br />
| cover = Burt Bacharach - Casino Royale (1967 soundtrack).png<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 1967<br />
| recorded = 1967<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre =<br />
| length = 34:27<br />
| label = [[Colgems]]<br />
| producer =<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
| misc = {{Singles<br />
| name = Casino Royale Soundtrack<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| single1 = [[The Look of Love (1967 song)|The Look of Love]]<br />
| single1date = 29 January 1967<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
For the [[film score|musical score]], Feldman decided to bring in [[Burt Bacharach]], who had done the score for his previous production, ''What's New Pussycat?''. Bacharach worked over two years writing for ''Casino Royale'', in the meantime composing the ''[[After the Fox]]'' score and being forced to decline participation in ''[[Luv (film)|Luv]]''. Lyricist [[Hal David]] contributed with various songs, many of which appeared in just instrumental versions.<ref name=burl>{{cite book|author=Burlingame, Jon|title=The Music of James Bond|chapter=5: Casino Royale (1967)|pages=60–70|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0199986767}}</ref> [[Herb Alpert|Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass]] performed some of the songs with Mike Redway singing the title song as the end credits roll. The title theme was Alpert's second number one on the [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Easy Listening]] chart where it spent two weeks at the top in June 1967 and peaked at number 27 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{cite book |title = Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–2001|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=2002 |publisher=Record Research |page= 19}}</ref> Alpert would later contribute a trumpet solo to the title song of the 1983 James Bond film ''[[Never Say Never Again]]'', which was performed by Alpert's wife, [[Lani Hall]].<br />
<br />
The film features the song "[[The Look of Love (1967 song)|The Look of Love]]" performed by [[Dusty Springfield]]. It is played in the scene of Vesper recruiting Evelyn, seen through a man-size aquarium in a seductive walk. It was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]]. The song was a Top 10 radio hit at the [[KGB-FM|KGB]] and [[KHJ (AM)|KHJ]] radio stations. It was revisited in the first ''[[Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery|Austin Powers]]'' film, which, to a degree, was inspired by ''Casino Royale''.<ref name=burl/> For European release, [[Mireille Mathieu]] sang versions of "The Look of Love" in both French ("Les Yeux D'Amour"),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WygEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA62 |title=Paris |first=Mike |last=Mike Hennessay |magazine=Billboard |date=30 September 1967 |access-date=13 April 2015}}</ref> and German ("Ein Blick von Dir").<ref>{{cite news|title=Mireille Mathieu gagne son procès|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2007/12/07/01011-20071207FILWWW00454-exploitation-d-une-chanson-de-mireille-mathieu.php|access-date=5 April 2016|work=Le Figaro|date=7 December 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085610/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2007/12/07/01011-20071207FILWWW00454-exploitation-d-une-chanson-de-mireille-mathieu.php|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bacharach would later rework two tracks of the score into songs: "Home James, Don't Spare the Horses" was re-arranged as "Bond Street", appearing on Bacharach's album ''Reach Out'' (1967), and "Flying Saucer – First Stop Berlin", was reworked with vocals as "Let the Love Come Through" by orchestra leader and arranger [[Roland Shaw]]. A clarinet melody would later be featured in a [[Cracker Jack]] peanut popcorn commercial. As an in-joke, a brief snippet of [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]]'s song "[[Born Free (Matt Monro song)|Born Free]]" is used in the film. At the time, Barry was the main composer for the Eon Bond series, and said song had won an Academy Award over Bacharach's own "[[Alfie (Burt Bacharach song)|Alfie]]".<ref name=bach>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=TKJU6CegkogC&pg=PA181 Burt Bacharach, Song by Song: The Ultimate Burt Bacharach Reference for Fans]''</ref><br />
<br />
The cover art was done by [[Robert McGinnis]], based on the film poster. The original LP was later issued by [[Varèse Sarabande]] in the same track order as shown below. It has been re-released under licence by Kritzerland Records and again by Quartet Records, the latter to mark the film's 50th anniversary. This latest issue has included almost all of Bacharach's [[Underscoring|underscore]], representing 35 tracks in total.<br />
<br />
====Soundtrack listing====<br />
{{tracklist<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| all_lyrics = [[Hal David]] <br />
| all_music = Burt Bacharach<br />
| extra_column = Performer(s)<br />
<br />
|title1 = Casino Royale Theme<br />
|extra1 = [[Herb Alpert|Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass]] <br />
|title2 = [[The Look of Love (1967 song)|The Look of Love]]<br />
|extra2 = [[Dusty Springfield]]<br />
|title3 = Money Penny Goes for Broke<br />
|title4 = Le Chiffre's Torture of the Mind<br />
|title5 = Home James, Don't Spare the Horses<br />
|title6 = Sir James' Trip to Find Mata<br />
|title7 = The Look of Love (Instrumental)<br />
|title8 = Hi There Miss Goodthighs<br />
|title9 = Little French Boy<br />
|title10 = Flying Saucer – First Stop Berlin<br />
|title11 = The Venerable Sir James Bond<br />
|title12 = Dream on James, You're Winning<br />
|extra12 = [[Mike Redway]] (uncredited)<br />
|title13 = The Big Cowboys and Indians Fight at Casino Royale / "Casino Royale Theme" (reprise) <br />
|extra13 = Mike Redway (uncredited)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The album became famous among audio purists for the excellence of its recording.<ref>{{cite web| last = Stachler| first = Joe| title = Joe Stachler on Casino Royale's Great Soundtrack| url = http://www.hmss.com/films/cr/| access-date = 22 December 2006| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070119231748/http://www.hmss.com/films/cr/| archive-date = 19 January 2007| df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref><br />
{{cite news| last = Panek| first = Richard| title = 'Casino Royale' Is an LP Bond with a Gilt Edge| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/28/movies/casino-royale-is-an-lp-bond-with-a-gilt-edge.html| access-date = 22 December 2006| work = The New York Times| date = 28 July 1991| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121022214849/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/28/movies/casino-royale-is-an-lp-bond-with-a-gilt-edge.html| archive-date = 22 October 2012| df = dmy-all}}</ref> It then became a standard "audiophile test" record for decades to come, especially the vocal performance by Dusty Springfield on "The Look of Love."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/28/movies/casino-royale-is-an-lp-bond-with-a-gilt-edge.html?pagewanted=all|title='Casino Royale' Is an LP Bond With a Gilt Edge|last=Panek|first=Richard|date=28 July 1991|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=7 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819140203/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/28/movies/casino-royale-is-an-lp-bond-with-a-gilt-edge.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=19 August 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
The soundtrack has since been released by other companies in different configurations (including complete score releases). The highly regarded master tapes were damaged, however, during a 1990s remastering{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} so none of the subsequent re-releases is considered to be as fine as the original LP release.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}<br />
<br />
===Budget===<br />
[[Columbia Pictures]] approved the $6 million production budget, already quite large in 1966. However, during filming, the project ran into several problems and the shoot ran months over schedule, with the costs also running well over. When finally completed, it had doubled its original budget to $12 million, making it one of the most expensive films made to that point. The previous Eon Bond film, ''[[Thunderball (film)|Thunderball]]'' (1965), had a budget of $5.5 million while the nearly contemporary ''[[You Only Live Twice (film)|You Only Live Twice]]'' (1967), had a budget of $9.5 million.<ref name=var>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2012/film/reviews/revisiting-1967-s-casino-royale-1118055569/|title=Review: 'Revisiting 1967's 'Casino Royale'|date=15 June 2012|first=Peter|last=Debrug|access-date=12 August 2014|work=Variety|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112062319/http://variety.com/2012/film/reviews/revisiting-1967-s-casino-royale-1118055569/|archive-date=12 January 2015}}</ref> The extremely high budget of ''Casino Royale'' led to comparisons with a troubled production from 1963, and it was referred to as "a runaway mini-''[[Cleopatra (1963 film)|Cleopatra]]''".<ref name = Dassanowsky /> Columbia at first announced the film was due to be released in time for Christmas 1966. The problems postponed the film's release until April 1967.<ref name= Missing/><br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
''Casino Royale'' had its world premiere in London's [[Odeon Leicester Square]] on 13 April 1967, breaking many opening records in the theatre's history.<ref name=woody/> Its American premiere was held in New York on 28 April, at the [[Capitol Theatre (New York City)|Capitol]] and Cinema I theatres.<ref>{{cite news|title='Casino Royale' Kicks Off Today All Over Country|newspaper=Film Daily|date=28 April 1967}}</ref><ref name="afi" /> It opened two months prior to the fifth Bond film by Eon Productions, ''You Only Live Twice''.<ref name= Missing/><br />
<br />
===Box office===<br />
Despite the lukewarm nature of the contemporary reviews, the pull of the James Bond name was sufficient to make it the 13th highest-grossing film in North America in 1967 with a gross of $22.7 million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|22.7|1967}}}} million in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US|df=y}}) and a worldwide total of $41.7 million<ref>{{Cite The Numbers|id= Casino-Royale|title= Casino Royale (1967)|access-date= 10 January 2022|url-status= live|archive-url= https://archive.today/MGZeY|archive-date= 10 January 2022|df= dmy-all}}</ref> (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|41.7|1967}}}} million in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US|df=y}}).{{Efn | ''Variety'' put its North American rentals for 1967 at $10.2 million. These figures refer to [[Gross rental|rentals]] accruing to the distributors.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Big Rental Films of 1967|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=3 January 1968|page=25}}</ref>}} Welles attributed the success to a marketing strategy that featured a naked tattooed woman on the film's posters and print ads.<ref name= Playboy /> The campaign also included a series of commercials featuring British model [[Twiggy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Twiggy Plays Role In 'Casino' Campaign |newspaper=Film Daily|date=27 April 1967|author=Pelegrine, Louis}}</ref> In its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, it set a record 3-day gross for Columbia of $2,148,711.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Casino Royale (advertisement)|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=3 May 1967|pages=12–13}}</ref> As late as 2011, the film was still making money for the estate of Peter Sellers, who negotiated an extraordinary 3% of the gross profits (an estimated £120 million), with the proceeds currently going to Cassie Unger, daughter and sole heir of Sellers' beneficiary, fourth wife [[Lynne Frederick]]. When domestic box office receipts are adjusted for inflation, ''Casino Royale'' is 20th-largest grossing of the entire Bond franchise.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=jamesbond.htm|title = James Bond Movies at the Box Office – Box Office Mojo|access-date= 26 November 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Critical reception===<br />
No advance press screenings were held, leading reviews to only appear after the premiere.<ref name=woody>{{cite book|title=Woody: Movies from Manhattan|page=39|first=Julian|last=Fox|publisher=B.T. Batsford|year=1996|isbn=978-0-879-51692-5}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]], in his review for the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'', wrote "[t]his is possibly the most indulgent film ever made".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ebert |first=Roger |url= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/casino-royale-1967 |title=Casino Royale |date=1 May 1967 |access-date=29 May 2007 |newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times |url-status= live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602164249/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/casino-royale-1967 |archive-date=2 June 2013 |via=[[RogerEbert.com]] |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine described ''Casino Royale'' as "an incoherent and vulgar [[vaudeville]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Keystone Cop-Out|magazine=Time|date=12 May 1967|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,843773,00.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814200645/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,843773,00.html|archive-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' declared the film to be "a conglomeration of frenzied situations, 'in' gags and special effects, lacking discipline and cohesion. Some of the situations are very funny, but many are too strained."<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/1966/film/reviews/casino-royale-1200421405/ |title=Film Reviews: Casino Royale |magazine=Variety |date=19 April 1967 |access-date=29 May 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112062321/http://variety.com/1966/film/reviews/casino-royale-1200421405/ |archive-date= 12 January 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Bosley Crowther]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' considered ''Casino Royale'' had "more of the [[talent agent]] than the secret agent". He praised the film's "fast start" and the scenes up to the baccarat game between Bond and Le Chiffre. Afterward, Crowther felt, the script became tiresome, repetitive and filled with clichés due to "wild and haphazard injections of 'in' jokes and outlandish gags", leading to an excessive length that made the film a "reckless, disconnected nonsense that could be telescoped or stopped at any point".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/04/29/archives/screen-population-explosion-victimssecret-agents-abound-in-casino.html|title=Screen: Population Explosion Victims|newspaper=The New York Times|author=Crowther, Bosley|date=29 April 1967|access-date=12 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925013351/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/04/29/archives/screen-population-explosion-victimssecret-agents-abound-in-casino.html|archive-date=25 September 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Writing in 1986, [[Danny Peary]] noted, "It's hard to believe that in 1967 we actually waited in anticipation for this so-called James Bond spoof. It was a disappointment then; it's a curio today, but just as hard to get through." Peary described the film as being "disjointed and stylistically erratic" and "a testament to wastefulness in the bigger-is-better cinema," before adding, "It would have been a good idea to cut the picture drastically, perhaps down to the scenes featuring Peter Sellers and Woody Allen. In fact, I recommend you see it on television when it's in a two-hour (including commercials) slot. Then you won't expect it to make any sense."<ref>{{Cite book | first = Danny | last = Peary | title = Guide for the Film Fanatic | publisher = [[Simon & Schuster]] | year = 1986 | page = 84 | isbn=0671610813}}</ref><br />
<br />
A few recent reviewers have been more impressed. Andrea LeVasseur, in the [[AllMovie]] review, called it "the original ultimate spy spoof", and opined that the "nearly impossible to follow" plot made it "a satire to the highest degree". Further describing it as a "hideous, zany disaster" LeVasseur concluded that it was "a psychedelic, absurd masterpiece".<ref name="allmovie.com">{{cite web|last=Blaise|first=Judd|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/casino-royale-v8522|title=Casino Royale > Overview|website=AllMovie|access-date=19 September 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507020311/http://www.allmovie.com/movie/casino-royale-v8522|archive-date=7 May 2012}}</ref> Cinema historian [[Robert von Dassanowsky]] has written about the artistic merits of the film and says "like ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'', ''Casino Royale'' is a film of momentary vision, collaboration, adaption, pastiche, and accident. It is the anti-auteur work of all time, a film shaped by the very [[zeitgeist]] it took on."<ref name= Dassanowsky>{{cite magazine |first=Robert |last=von Dassanowsky |url=http://brightlightsfilm.com/28/casinoroyale1.php |title=Casino Royale at 33: The Postmodern Epic in Spite of Itself |magazine= Bright Lights Film Journal |date=31 March 2010 |access-date=19 September 2010}}</ref> Romano Tozzi complimented the acting and humour, although he also mentioned that the film has several dull stretches.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm4-AAAAIAAJ&q=Casino+Royale |title=John Huston |author=Tozzi, Romano |publisher=Falcon |page=130 |year=1971 |isbn=0-900123-21-4}}.</ref> In his review of the film, [[Leonard Maltin]] remarked, "Money, money everywhere, but [the] film is terribly uneven – sometimes funny, often not."<ref>{{Cite book |first=Leonard |last=Maltin |author-link=Leonard Maltin |title=Leonard Maltin's 2009 Movie Guide |publisher=Plume |year=2008 |page=219 |isbn=978-0-452-28978-9}}</ref> Simon Winder called ''Casino Royale'' "a pitiful spoof",<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-E8bg3QxFLwC&q=Casino+Royale |title=The Man Who Saved Britain: A... |access-date= 19 September 2010 |isbn=978-0-312-42666-8 |year=2007 |last=Winder |first=Simon }}</ref> while Robert Druce described it as "an abstraction of real life".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlctAAAAIAAJ&q=Casino+Royale |title=This day our daily fictions: an... |date=21 March 2007 |access-date=19 September 2010 |isbn=978-90-5183-401-7 |last=Druce |first=Robert }}</ref><br />
<br />
The film holds a {{RT data|score}} rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]], based on {{RT data|count}} reviews with an average rating of {{RT data|average}}. The website's critical consensus states: "A goofy, dated parody of spy movie cliches, ''Casino Royale'' squanders its all-star cast on a meandering, mostly laugh-free script."<ref>{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes | id = {{RT data|rtid|noprefix=y}} | type = m | title = Casino Royale (1967) | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150426170818/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1003722-casino_royale/ | archive-date = 26 April 2015 | df = dmy-all | access-date = {{RT data|access date}} }}{{RT data|edit}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Accolades===<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Nominee(s)<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| [[40th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1968">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968 |title=The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-11-10 |work=oscars.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103005223/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1968 |archive-date=2014-11-03 }}</ref><br />
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Song]]<br />
| "[[The Look of Love (1967 song)|The Look of Love]]" <br> Music by [[Burt Bacharach]]; <br> Lyrics by [[Hal David]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[21st British Academy Film Awards|British Academy Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1968/film |title=BAFTA Awards: Film in 1968 |website=[[BAFTA]] |year=1968 |access-date=16 September 2016 |ref={{harvid|BAFTA|1968}} |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122045155/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1968/film |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design|Best British Costume Design – Colour]]<br />
| [[Julie Harris (costume designer)|Julie Harris]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[10th Annual Grammy Awards|Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/10th-annual-grammy-awards |title=1967 Grammy Award Winners| publisher=Grammy.com| access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref><br />
| [[Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media|Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Show]]<br />
| Burt Bacharach<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Laurel Awards]]<br />
| colspan="2"| Top Comedy<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Home media and film rights===<br />
Columbia Pictures first issued ''Casino Royale'' on [[VHS]] in 1989,<ref>{{cite book|title=Bowker's Complete Video Directory 1994|publisher=[[R. R. Bowker]]|location=New York|year=1994|isbn=978-0-8352-3391-0|page=248}}</ref> and on [[Laserdisc]] in 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lddb.com/laserdisc/06092/76846/Casino-Royale-(1967)|title=Casino Royale (1967)|publisher=Laserdisc Database|access-date=29 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812190437/http://www.lddb.com/laserdisc/06092/76846/Casino-Royale-(1967)|archive-date=12 August 2014}}</ref> In 1999, following the Columbia/MGM/[[Kevin McClory]] lawsuit on ownership of the Bond film series, the rights were transferred to [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (whose sister company [[United Artists]] co-owns the franchise) as a condition of the settlement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sony Pictures, in an accord with MGM, drops its plan to produce new James Bond movies |newspaper=The New York Times |date=30 March 1999 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/30/business/media-business-advertising-sony-pictures-accord-with-mgm-drops-its-plan-produce.html |page=C11 |access-date=14 September 2007 |first=James |last=Sterngold}}</ref> MGM then released the first [[DVD]] edition of ''Casino Royale'' in 2002,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdmg.com/casinoroyale.shtml|title=Casino Royale (1967)|publisher=DVD Movie Guide|author=Jacobson, Colin|date=11 March 2009|access-date=29 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811081212/http://www.dvdmg.com/casinoroyale.shtml|archive-date=11 August 2014}}</ref> followed by a 40th anniversary special edition in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/07/25/casino-royale-spoofs-up-dvd|title=CASINO ROYALE SPOOFS UP DVD|date=25 July 2008|website=IGN|author=McCutcheon, David|access-date=29 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730004845/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/07/25/casino-royale-spoofs-up-dvd|archive-date=30 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=bd/><br />
<br />
Years later, as a result of the [[Sony Pictures Entertainment|Sony]]/[[Comcast Corporation|Comcast]] acquisition of MGM, Columbia would once again become responsible for the co-distribution of this film as well as the entire Eon Bond series, including the [[Casino Royale (2006 film)|2006 adaptation of ''Casino Royale'']]. However, [[MGM Home Entertainment]] changed its distributor to [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]] in May 2006. Fox has since been responsible for the debut of the 1967 ''Casino Royale'' on [[Blu-ray]] in 2011. [[Danjaq|Danjaq LLC]], Eon's holding company, is shown as one of its present copyright owners.<ref name=bd>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Casino-Royale-Blu-ray/24739/|title=Casino Royale Blu-ray|publisher=Blu-Ray.com|date=12 May 2011|author=Reuben, Michael|access-date=26 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202012051/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Casino-Royale-Blu-ray/24739/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}.</ref><br />
<br />
Alongside six other MGM-owned films, the studio uploaded ''Casino Royale'' on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{cite news|title=YouTube to stream Hollywood films|publisher=BBC|date=17 April 2009|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8003881.stm|access-date=3 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225170938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8003881.stm|archive-date=25 February 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|1960s|Film}}<br />
* [[Outline of James Bond]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
'''Explanatory notes'''<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
'''Citations'''<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
'''Bibliography'''<br />
* {{Cite book|last1=Barnes |first1=Alan |last2=Hearn |first2=Marcus |year=2001 |title=Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion|publisher=[[Batsford Books]]|location=London|isbn=978-0-7134-8182-2}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Benson|first=Raymond|author-link=Raymond Benson|title=[[The James Bond Bedside Companion]]|year=1988|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Boxtree Ltd]]|location=London|isbn=978-1-85283-233-9}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Broccoli |first1=Albert R. |last2=Zec |first2=Donald |title=When the Snow Melts: The Autobiography of Cubby Broccoli |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |isbn=0752211625}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Field|first1=Matthew|last2=Chowdhury|first2=Ajay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8XZCgAAQBAJ|title=Some Kind of Hero: The Remarkable Story of the James Bond Films|publisher=[[The History Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-750-96650-4}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Sellers |first=Robert |title=Sean Connery: A Celebration |publisher=[[Robert Hale (publishers)|Robert Hale]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-709-06125-0}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
*{{IMDb title |0061452|Casino Royale}}<br />
* [http://www.mgm.com/view/movie/342/Casino-Royale-(1967)/ ''Casino Royale''] at [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]<br />
*''[http://www.filmsdefrance.com/review/casino-royale-1967.html Casino Royale]'' at Films de France<br />
* {{Cite web | url = http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/c/casino-royale-script-transcript-bond.html | type = complete dialogue | title = Casino royale}}<br />
<br />
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[[Category:1960s English-language films]]</div>2001:8003:2829:6800:6987:58EF:5D25:FF06